Chapter 16 lecture

Question 1

Therapy?

Answer 1

Any number of psychological therapies and biomedical techniques for treating mental disorders of managing treatment.

Question 2

Insight therapies?

Answer 2

• The oldest category of psychological therapies

- Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps clients to change the way they think and or feel

Question 3

What is the goal of insight therapies?

Answer 3

Reveal a patient’s ,maladaptive mental processes through discussion and interpretation, then to help change them.

Question 4

Freudian psychoanalysis?
Core ideas?
Goal?

Answer 4

CI: psychological issues stem form tensions in the unconscious mind (restrained impulses).
Goal: Make unconscious tensions conscious, they can come to understand and resolve them.

Question 5

How did Freud access his patients unconscious to help treat them?

Answer 5

get patients to use Free association: get patients in a relaxed state and grasp peoples first impressions of things.
(then)
- Believed resolution comes through through transference (occurs when a person redirects some of their feelings or desires for another person to an entirely different person)
ultimately: Client-therapist relationship mirrors clients unresolved conflicts.

Question 6

How do the Neo-Freudian theories differ from the Freudian theories?

Answer 6

increased emphasis on the role of the self/ego

• increased emphasis on the experiences throughout the lifespan.
• increased emphasis on role of social and interpersonal changes.

Question 7

What type of therapy did Carl Rogers (humanistic) use and what was it’s principles and values?

Answer 7

Client-Centered therapy: use the support, nurturing, and understanding as key tools to reduce anxiety.
Reflection of feeling: therapist listens and paraphrases a client’s words, attempting to capture the listen’s emotional tone.

Question 8

Cognitive therapy?

Answer 8

Assume psychological disorders come from irrational thoughts.

Question 9

What does cognitive therapy help to do?

Answer 9

analyze root causes of maladaptive thoughts by separating client’s thoughts from emotions, motivation, or repressed conflicts.

Question 10

What is considered successful cognitive treatment?

Answer 10

Successful treatment involves changing thought processes and cognitions

Question 11

What do behavioral therapies serve to do?

Answer 11

• Emphasizing learned responses to a stimulus, rather than cognitive, emotional, or biological causes

Question 12

Systematic Desensitization:

Answer 12

Repeatedly exposing clients to increasing levels of the anxiety-provoking stimulus until it no longer produces anxiety.

Question 13

Exposure therapy?

Answer 13

• A form of desensitization

- Client directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus

Question 14

Aversion therapy?

Answer 14

Therapy to reduce or eliminate an unwanted behavior using classical conditioning.
- most often used to reduce addictive behaviors.
( di-sulfur is a neutral stimulus but when paired with alcohol it makes individuals nauseas.)

Question 15

Contingency Management?

Answer 15

Uses operant conditioning technique to change behavior by altering its consequences.
( paying children to do chores)
( letting a prisoner out early if they behave well)

Question 16

Token economics ( form of contingency management)

Answer 16

• operant conditioning technique often applied to group settings, ( classrooms or psychological hospital wards.)
• Distribute ‘ tokens’ (small objects with no inherent value) contingent on completing desired behaviors)
• Tokens can be used in exchange for items of privilege’s offered.

Question 17

What are all the forms of Behavioral therapy?

Answer 17

Systematic Desensitization:
Exposure therapy
Aversion therapy
Contingency Management
Token economics

Question 18

Cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 18

• Assumes irrational thought processes are the root cause of problematic behaviors.
• combines the focus on mental processes with behavioral strategies for modifying behavior.
• seeks to help client build a sense of self-efficacy
• The belief that a person has the skills and abilities to improve one’s own behavior.

Question 19

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy ( REBT)

Answer 19

• Assumes irrational thought processes are the root cause of problematic behaviors.

Question 20

What is the goal of (REBT)

Answer 20

eliminate destructive or self-defeating thoughts and replace them with more positive/adaptive thoughts.

Question 21

What is positive psychotherapy?

Answer 21

• Emphasizes personal growth, health, and happiness

- Emphasizes cultivating new, positive thoughts and behaviors.

Question 22

What was Hans Eysenck known for?

Answer 22

• Claimed that psychotherapies were not beneficial and that individuals would simply recover with time.
• This caused other psychologist to have to improve their standards and practices of the scientific method to prove him wrong.

Question 23

What are biomedical therapies known for?

Answer 23

Emphasizes adjusting the role and structure of brain chemistry.

• Uses psychopharmacology
• Using psychoactive medications to adjust chemical imbalances in the brain

Question 24

What are Antipsychotic Drugs?

Answer 24

• Primarily used to treat schizophrenia and related disorders
• includes drugs such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and clozapine

Question 25

What do most antipsychotic drugs do?

Answer 25

typically reduce activity in dopamine pathways in the central nervous system.

Question 26

What is dopamine involved in?

Answer 26

• Dopamine plays a critical in role in planning, organizing and other functions carried out in the frontal lobe.
• heavily involved with muscle regulation
• Long-term antipsychotic drug therapy can be associated with an loss of small muscle control, particularly in the face and head.

Question 27

Antidepressant drugs?

Answer 27

in general , act by increasing the levels of mood- regulating neurotransmitters
- can take several weeks to exert a notable effect on mood and behavior.

Question 28

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is)?

anti-depressant

Answer 28

Block the breakdown of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine.

• Also blocks the breakdown of tyramine
• which can lead to life-threatening food interactions.

Question 29

Tricyclic antidepressants:

anti-depressant

Answer 29

keep neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed, so they can work for longer.

Question 30

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

(SSRI’s) keep serotonin molecules active in synapses for longer.

Answer 30

• Most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant

- keeps serotonin molecules active in synapses for longer.

Question 31

Antianxiety drugs?

What are the two classes/

Answer 31

• Serve as a relief to prolonged worries or stressors.
• Barbiturates and benzodiazepines
  ( can have severe interactions with alcohol)

Question 32

Stimulates?

Answer 32

• Serve to suppress activity and increase attention in individuals with ADHD
• Includes every day drugs like caffeine and nicotine, as well as drugs like cocaine and impentamines,

Question 33

Brain stimulation therapies?

Answer 33

• ## Therapeutic techniques most frequently used to treat severe depression.

Question 34

What is Electroconvulsive Therapy? (ECT)

Answer 34

• Still used today ( but is far more humane)
• Patients are sedated and given a muscle relaxer
• Brief application of an electric current to the temples
• Used to fire action potentials in the brain and stimulate anti depressant behaviors.

Question 35

Transcranial Magnetic Situation ( tms)

Answer 35

Uses a strong magnet to stimulate brain activity in underactive regions
-used to treat depression and bipolar disorder.

Question 36

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 36

• Functions similar to a heart pacemaker
• Surgically implant electrodes to target and stimulate underactive clusters of neurons in cerebral cortex
• Used to treat depression and anxiety.