Chapter 13 Study guide

Question 2

Function of nervous system

Answer 2

Internal communicatoin

Specialized for rapid transmission from cell to cell

Question 3

nervous system Major subdivisions

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous system

Question 4

Central nervous system

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 5

nerves and ganglia

sensory (afferent) division

motor (efferent) division

Question 6

sensory/motor divisons

Answer 6

autonomic (visceral) division

somatic division

Question 7

somatic division

Answer 7

inervates muscles

skin

bones

joints

Question 8

autonomic division

Answer 8

invervates glands

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 9

sympathetic division

Answer 9

fight or flight

responds to stressors

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 10

Parasympathetic division

Answer 10

rest and digest

calming effect

Question 11

Neuron

Answer 11

functional unit of nervous system

Question 12

Neuron functional properties

Answer 12

excitability

conductivity

secretion

Question 13

neurons functional classes

Answer 13

sensory (afferent)

Interneurons

motor (efferent)

Question 14

Sensory neurons

afferent

Answer 14

convey signals to the CNS

Question 15

interneurons

Answer 15

contained entirely in the CNS

Question 16

Motor Neurons

efferent

Answer 16

convey signals from the CNS to effectors in the body

Question 17

Neuron structure

Answer 17

dendrites

cell body (soma)

axon

Question 18

dendrites

Answer 18

receive signal and send to the cell body

Question 19

cell body

Soma

Answer 19

interprets signal

Question 20

Axon

Answer 20

sends signal out to other neuron or effector

Question 21

axon structure

Answer 21

arises from axon hillock

hillock and first segment called trigger zone

cytoplasm called axoplasm

plasma membrane: axolemma

branches: terminal arborization

synaptic knob

Question 22

Types of neurons

Answer 22

multipolar

bipolar

unipolar

anaxonic

Question 23

multipolar neuron

Answer 23

and axon and 2 or more dendrites

Question 24

bipolar neuron

Answer 24

one axon

one dendrite

Question 25

unipolar neuron

Answer 25

one process arising from the cell body

Question 26

anaxonic neuron

Answer 26

dendrites NO axon

Question 27

Neuronal support cells

Answer 27

neuroglia (Glial cells)

Question 28

glial cell types of the CNS

Answer 28

oligodendrocytes ependymal microglia astrocytes

Question 29

oligodendrocytes

Answer 29

produce myelin

Question 30

ependymal

Answer 30

line internal CNS cavities produce CSF

Question 31

microlglia

Answer 31

macrophages of CNS dispose of waste

Question 32

astrocytes

Answer 32

supportive framework of CNS blood brain barrier nourishment of neurons homeostatic maintenance repair damaged CNS tissue

Question 33

PNS glial cells

Answer 33

schwann satellite

Question 34

schwann cells

Answer 34

produce neurilemma and myelin

Question 35

satellite cells

Answer 35

electrically insulate the cell body regulate chemical environment or neuron

Question 36

myelin sheath

Answer 36

insulating sheath wrapped around certain nerve fibers spiral layers of plasma

Question 37

PNS schwann cell

Answer 37

neurilemma coverd in basal lamina covered in endoneurium

Question 38

nerve signal transmission velocity

Answer 38

myelinated and large diameter faster transmission signal jumps from node to node in myelinated cell

Question 39

Schwann cells and regeneration

Answer 39

neurilemma and endoneurium required for a regeneration tube that guides regrowing nerve Only in PNS CNS lacks

Question 40

synaptic junction

Answer 40

point where nerve fiber ends at target cell decision making information processing points more synapse=more data

Question 41

synapse structure

Answer 41

presynaptic neuron postsynaptic neuron

Question 42

presynaptic neuron

Answer 42

terminates on dendrite (axondendrititic) cell body (axosomatic) or axon (axoaxonic)

Question 43

types of synapes

Answer 43

chemical electrical

Question 44

chemical synapse

Answer 44

neurotransmitter is released corsses synaptic cleft and binds to receptors excitatory inhibitory

Question 45

electrical synapse | (gap junction)

Answer 45

cardiac ans smooth muscle very rapid transmission no decision making