Chapter 6 study guide intro to bones

Question 1

Skeletal system anatomy

Answer 1

bones, cartilage and ligaments

Osteology

Question 2

skeletal system functions

Answer 2

support

movement

protection’blood formation’electrolyte balance

pH balance

detoxification

Question 3

bone as an organ

Answer 3

osseous tissue

(bone)

blood

bone marrow

cartilage

adipose

nervous

fibrous connective

Question 4

osseous tissue

Answer 4

connective tissue in chich matrix material is hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

Question 5

shape of bones

Answer 5

long

short

flat

irregular

Question 6

long bones

Answer 6

narrow

long shaft (diaphysis)

expanded head (epiphysis) at each end

filled with spongy bone

bone marrow occupies shaft and spaces in head

Question 7

long bone

2

Answer 7

Red Marrow

Question 8

long bone

3

Answer 8

Epiphyseal line

Question 9

long bone

4

Answer 9

yellow marrow

marrow cavity

Question 10

long bone

5

Answer 10

periosteum

Question 11

long bone

6

Answer 11

diaphysis

shaft

Question 12

long bone

7

Answer 12

compact bone

Question 13

longbone

8

Answer 13

spongy bone

Question 14

long bone

9

Answer 14

epiphysis

head

Question 15

longbone

10

Answer 15

articular cartilage

Question 16

bone cells

Answer 16

osteogenic cells

osteoblasts

osteocytes

osteoclasts

Question 17

osteogenic cells

Answer 17

in endosteum arise to form osteoblasts

Question 18

osteoblasts

Answer 18

bone forming cells that synthesize matrix to mineralize the bone

Question 19

osteocytes

Answer 19

former osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix they deposited

Question 20

osteoclasts

Answer 20

bone dissolving cells on the surface of the bone

Question 21

bone matrix

(ground substance)

Answer 21

1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter by dry weight

Question 22

inorganic matrix

Answer 22

85% hydroxyapatite (crystalline calcium phosphate)

10% clacium carbonate

5% other minerals

Question 23

organic matrix

Answer 23

collagen

large protein-carbohydrate complexes called

glycosaminoglycans

proteoglycans

glycoproteins

Question 24

mineral funtionality

Answer 24

resistent to compression

Question 25

protein component funtionality

Answer 25

resistent to tesnion flexibility

Question 26

compact bone

Answer 26

large cylyndrical units (osteons)

Question 27

osteons

Answer 27

collagen fibers enclose osteons concentric lamellae around central canal osteocytes in lacunae conneted by canaliculi to other osteocytes

Question 28

spongy bone

Answer 28

thin tribelculae and spicules of osseous tissue maximun strength in proportion to its light weight

Question 29

spongy bone matrix

Answer 29

arranged in lamellae but very few osteons

Question 30

Red marrow

Answer 30

blood forming marrow medullary spaces of nearly all bone in children adults is limited to axial skeleon and heads of femur and humerus

Question 31

yellow marrow

Answer 31

fatty marrow most red marrow changes to yellow in adults

Question 32

bone formation

Answer 32

intramembranous ossification endochondral ossification

Question 33

intramembranous ossification

Answer 33

mesenchyme condenses into a sheel of soft tissue with osteogenic cells osteogenics turn into osteoblasts they deposit osteoid tissue then calcify it becomes spopngy bone compact bone is formed by filling in the spaces

Question 34

endochondral ossification

Answer 34

hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone chondrocytes of cartilage enlarge and form ossicification center cartilage lacunae breakdown and merge into primary marrow cavity and chondrocytes die

Question 35

secondary ossification site | (endochondral ossification)

Answer 35

appears in the middle of epi[hysis near time of birth ossification proceeds outward creating secondary marrow cavity and forming the epiphydeal plate

Question 36

long bone growth length

Answer 36

increase by interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plates 5 zones

Question 37

5 zones of long bone growth

Answer 37

zone of reserve cartilage zone of cell proliferation zone of cell hypertrophy zone of calcification zone of deposited bone

Question 38

zone of reserve cartilage

Answer 38

farthest from marrow space

Question 39

zone oof cell proliferation

Answer 39

chondrocytes multiply and form longitudinal columns of cells

Question 40

zone of hypertrophy

Answer 40

chondrocytes enlarge

Question 41

zone of calcification

Answer 41

where matrix becomes temporarily calcified nearest the marrow

Question 42

zone of bone deposition

Answer 42

where lacunae break down chondrocytes die bone is deposited

Question 43

bone growth thickness appositional growth

Answer 43

depostition of new osseous tissue on the surface by process similar to intramembranous ossification

Question 44

bone remodeling

Answer 44

osteoblasts and osteoclasts reshape bones throughout life to adapt to the stresses places on them