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Anatomy 205 > Chapter 3 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

mass of similar cells and cell products that form a descrete region of an organ and perform a specific function

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2
Q

tissue and organ relationship

A

organs are made up of 2 or more tissues that weave together to build the organs

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3
Q

four main tissue types

A

epithelial

connective

nervous

muscular

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4
Q

epithelial tissue difference

A

made of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces or form glands

serves for protection

secretion

absorption

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5
Q

histological sectioning

A

a slice is made of the tissue to be examined then it is stained to bring out eh contrasting elements and make them visible.

they are preseved to prevent decay

then adhered to a slide for viewing

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6
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

thin scaly cells

allows rapid diffusion of substances through membrane

airs sacs of lungs

glomerulous capsules of the kidneys

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7
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

squarish round cells

absorption and secretion

liver

thyroid

mammary

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8
Q

simple columnar

A

tall narrow cells

absorption secretoin of mucus and other products

inner lining of stomach

intestines

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9
Q

pseudostratified columnar

A

appear multilayered but all cells reach basement membrane

secretes and propels mucus

respiratory tract

male urethra

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10
Q

stratified squamous

keratinized

A

multilayered squamous cells

resists abrasion

retards water loss through skin

prevents infection

epidermis

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11
Q

stratified squamous

non-keratonized

A

multiple layers of squamous cells but without the layer of dead cells

resists abrasoin

prevents infection

tongue

esophogus

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12
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

2 or more layers of cuboidal cells

contributes to sweat secretion

secretes ovarian hormones

produces sperm

sweat gland ducts

egg producing vesicles of ovaries

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13
Q

transitional epithelium

A

resembles stratified squamous but surface cells are rounded not flattened

stretches to allow filling of urinary tract

urinary tract

part of kidney

ureter

bladder

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

serves to support and protect organs or bind organs to each other

highly vascular

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15
Q

CT cells

A

fibroblasts

macrophages

leukocytes

plasma cells

mast cells

adipocytes

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16
Q

ground substance

A

a gelatinous substance that fills the empty spaces within connective tissues

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17
Q

matrix

A

the cells that make up the CT

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18
Q

loose Ct

A

spaec occupied by mostly ground substance

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19
Q

dense Ct

A

very little ground substance, mostly matrix material

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20
Q

areolar tissue

A

loose arrangment

abundant ground substance

underlying nearly all epithelia

surrounding blood vessels

loosly binds epithelia to deeper tissues

allows passage of nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

reticular tissue

A

loose network of reticular fibers

abundant ground material

lymph nodes

spleen

thymu

supportive stroma for lymphatic organs

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22
Q

dense regular CT

A

densly packed parallel cologen fibers

little ground material

tendons and ligaments

attaches muscle to bone

tightly binds bones together

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23
Q

dense irregular CT

A

densly packed cologen fibers running in random directions

deeper portions of dermis of skin

capsules around viscera such as liver, kidneys

durable

hard to tear

withstands stresses from many directions

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24
Q

adipose tissue

A

dominated by adipocytes

subcutaneous fat beneath skin, breast and heart surface

energy storage

thermal insulation

25
hyaline cartilage
clear glassy matrix fine dispersed collagen fibers form thin articular cartilage over end of bones at movable joints eases joint movement holds airways open during respiration
26
elastic cartilage
elastic fibers form weblike msh amid lacunae external ear epiglottis provides flexible elastic support
27
fibrocartilage
parallel collagen fibers similar to those of tendon joint between two halves of the pelvic girgle intervertebral discs that separate bones of spinal column resists compression and absorbs shock in some joints often a transitional tissue
28
blood
RBC's appear as pink dots WBC's are violet platelets are fragments contained in heart and vessels transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout the body
29
nervous tissue
show few large neurons brain spinal cord internal communication
30
skeletal muscle
long threadlike multi nucleated striated attache to bones body movements voluntary control
31
cardiac muscle
short branched striated intercolated discs heart pumping blood involuntary
32
smooth muscle
short fusiform cells non striated sheets of muscle in walls of viscera and blood vessels swallowing moving food in digestive tract involuntary
33
nervous tissue cells
neurons glial cells
34
neuron parts
cell body axon dendrites
35
cell body
houses nucleus and orgnaelles center of genetic control
36
axon
sends outgoing signal to other cells
37
dendrite
receives signal from other cells
38
gland types
endocrine exocrine unicellular
39
endocrine glands
no contact with outside surface
40
exocrine glands
contact with outer surface via ducts
41
unicellular glands
secretory glands found in epithelium that is predominatly non-secretory can be exocrine or endocrine
42
modes of secretion
merocrine apocrine holocrine
43
merocrine
release secretions by exocytosis
44
apocrine
primarily exocytosis
45
holocrine
cell accumulates a product then the entire cell disintergrates
46
membranes
cutaneous mucous serous
47
cuntaneous membrane
the skin stratified squamous epithelium
48
mucous membrane
line passageways to openings
49
serous membrane
ccomposed of simple squamous in linings of peural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities
50
tissue growth
hyperplasia hypertrophy neoplasia
51
hyperplasia growth
growth through cell multiplication
52
hypertophy growth
enlargement of preexisting cells
53
neoplasia growth
developement of a tumor
54
tissue shrinkage and death
atrophy necrosis apoptosis
55
tissue atrophy
shrinkage of tissue through loss of cell size or number
56
necrosis of tissue
premature or pathalogical death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, infection and so forth
57
apoptosis of tissue
programmed cells death normal death of cells that have completed their function
58

Anatomy 205 (44 decks)

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