Chapter 14

Question 1

Flow

Answer 1

state involving intense engagement in an activity; usually is experienced when participating in creative, work, and leisure endeavors

Question 2

Job Strain

Answer 2

work situation involving the combination of excessive job demands and workload with little decision making latitude or job control

Question 3

Negative Affectivity

Answer 3

tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and nervousness

Question 4

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 4

field that studies how psychological factors (such as stress) influence the immune system and immune functioning

Question 5

Stress

Answer 5

Process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats & challenges

Question 6

Burnout

Answer 6

physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion that is attributable to long-term involvement in stressful situations

Question 7

Eustress

Answer 7

good form of stress; low to moderate in intensity; associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance, motivation

Question 8

Distress

Question 9

Positive Psychology

Answer 9

focuses on the strengths and qualities that enable individuals to thrive

Question 10

general adaptation syndrome (gas)

Answer 10

Hans Selye’s three-stage model of the body’s physiological reactions to stress and the process of stress adaptation: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion

Question 11

Alarm Reaction

Answer 11

a brief period of high arousal which readies the body for vigorous activity

Question 12

Stage of Resistance

Answer 12

after a few minutes, the body enters a phase of prolonged but moderate arousal

Question 13

Stage of Exhaustion

Answer 13

intense and long-lasting stress depletes the immune system
results in an increased vulnerability to illness, fatigue, and weakness

Question 14

Acute Stressors

Answer 14

threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint

Question 15

Chronic Stressors

Answer 15

threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit

Question 16

Catastrophe/Disaster

Answer 16

unpredictable, large-scale events

Question 17

Daily Hassles

Answer 17

annoying events in everyday life

Question 18

Approach-Approach Conflict

Answer 18

two positive choices
least stressful

Question 19

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Answer 19

two negative choices
most stressful

Question 20

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Answer 20

single choice has both positive and negative qualities

Question 21

Perceived Control

Answer 21

Lack of control increases stress

Question 22

Type A Personality

Answer 22

Motivated, competitive, impatient, prone to anger and hostility heightened response to and risk from stress

Question 23

Type B Personality

Answer 23

easygoing, non-aggressive, patient
lower response to and risk from stress

Question 24

Type C Personality

Answer 24

confident, motivated, competitive, not hostile lower response to and risk from stress

Question 25

Type D (Distressed) Personality

Answer 25

worried, inhibited, prone to anxiety, more isolated heightened response to and risk from stress

Question 26

Heart Disease

Answer 26

High levels of anger and hostility increase chances

Question 27

Criticism

Answer 27

nonconstructive negative statements that emphasize defects in character in absolute and extreme terms

Question 28

Contempt

Answer 28

attempt to make their partner feel worthless through hostility, name-calling, condescension, ridicule, and disrespect

Question 29

Defensiveness

Answer 29

seeing yourself as the victim in efforts to ward off a perceived attack and reverse the blame

Question 30

Stonewalling

Answer 30

withdrawing from the conversation

Question 31

Optimists

Answer 31

expecting the best outcome from any given situation, better health outcomes

Question 32

Pessimists

Answer 32

expecting the worst outcome from any given situation, worse health outcomes

Question 33

Defensive pessimism

Answer 33

preparing for failure ahead of time

Question 34

Pyschomatic Diseases

Answer 34

genuine physical ailments thought to be caused in part by stress and other psychological, high blood pressure, asthma, migraines

Question 35

Emotional Social Support

Answer 35

expressions of concern, empathy, positive regard

Question 36

Tangible Social Support

Answer 36

direct assistance

Question 37

Informational Social Support

Answer 37

suggestions, advice

Question 38

Coping

Answer 38

behavioral & cognitive responses used to deal with stressors

Question 39

Social Support

Answer 39

resources provided by others in times of need

Question 40

Problem Focused Coping

Answer 40

try to change circumstances, situation is alterable

Question 41

Emotion Focused Coping

Answer 41

reducing or regulating emotional impact of stressor, situation is uncontrollable

Question 42

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 42

can reduce stress, depression, & anxiety

Question 43

Primary Appraisal

Answer 43

Challenge or threat

Question 44

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 44

Low threat or high threat