Chapter 7

Question 1

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 1

Study how people think

Question 2

Cognition

Answer 2

Thinking, Perception, Learning, Problem Solving, Judgment, Memory

Question 3

Schema

Answer 3

Mental construct of related concepts

Question 4

Concept

Answer 4

Mental grouping of similar things

Question 5

Incubation

Answer 5

Rest Period

Question 6

Algorithm

Answer 6

Logical rule/set of instructions

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

Mental Shortcut

Question 8

Insight

Answer 8

Sudden Realization

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

tendency to approach a problem in a particular way. failure to recognize new perspectives

Question 10

Functional Fixation

Answer 10

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

Question 11

Confirmation Bias

Answer 11

Focus on information that reinforces your beliefs

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

How information is presented

Question 13

Belief Perseverance

Answer 13

Ignore the facts that debase your theory

Question 14

Prototype

Answer 14

Best example of a catagory

Question 15

Gambler’s Fallacy

Answer 15

Belief that if a particular outcome has not occurred for a while its turn has come

Question 16

Overconfidence phenomenon

Answer 16

tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 17

Lexicon

Answer 17

our spoken, written, or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning

Question 18

Imaginal Thought

Answer 18

Conscious or unconscious manipulation of mental images

Question 19

analytical intelligence

Answer 19

aligned with academic problem solving and computations

Question 20

anchoring bias

Answer 20

faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution

Question 21

cognitive script

Answer 21

set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema

Question 22

creative intelligence

Answer 22

ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem

Question 23

crystallized intelligence

Answer 23

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

Question 24

cultural intelligence

Answer 24

ability with which people can understand and relate to those in another culture

Question 25

divergent thinking

Answer 25

ability to think “outside the box” to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

Question 26

emotional intelligence

Answer 26

ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others

Question 27

fluid intelligence

Answer 27

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

Question 28

Flynn effect

Answer 28

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

Question 29

hindsight bias

Answer 29

belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t

Question 30

practical intelligence

Answer 30

aka “street smarts”

Question 31

standardization

Answer 31

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent

Question 32

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 32

Sternberg’s theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical