Chapter 5

Question 1

binaural cue

Answer 1

two-eared cue to localize sound

Question 2

Gestalt psychology

Answer 2

field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts

Question 3

interaural level difference

Answer 3

sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head

Question 4

interaural timing difference

Answer 4

small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear

Question 5

Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 5

touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations

Question 6

Ménière’s disease

Answer 6

results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear

Question 7

neuropathic pain

Answer 7

pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system

Question 8

nociception

Answer 8

sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain

Question 9

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 9

touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations

Question 10

Ruffini corpuscle

Answer 10

touch receptor that detects stretch

Question 11

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 11

failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain

Question 12

Sensation

Answer 12

a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus
energy

Question 13

Perception

Answer 13

a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Question 14

Bottom-Up Processing

Answer 14

match stimuli to previous knowledge

Question 15

Top-Down Processing

Answer 15

previous knowledge and experiences affect input

Question 16

Transduction

Answer 16

Sensory receptors translate physical stimulation into neural signal

Question 17

Threshold

Answer 17

Each system has a minimum amount of energy required to activate the system

Question 18

Absolute threshold

Answer 18

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

Question 19

subliminal stimuli

Answer 19

Stimuli that are detectable less than 50% of the time

Question 20

just noticeable difference

Answer 20

minimum difference between two stimuli that a subject can detect 50% of the time

Question 21

Weber’s Law

Answer 21

to perceive a difference between two stimuli, they must differ by a constant proportion

Question 22

accommodation

Answer 22

change in shape of lens, focus on near objects

Question 23

retina

Answer 23

light-sensitive, cones and rods, inner surface of eye

Question 24

Cones

Answer 24

Color-vision, well-lit, center of retina

Question 25

Rods

Answer 25

vision in low light, black, white gray, peripheral of retina

Question 26

Opponent-Process Theory

Answer 26

One color activates the other deactivates

Question 27

Place Theory

Answer 27

pitch is linked with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

Question 28

Temporal Theory

Answer 28

the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone

Question 29

Proximity

Answer 29

group nearby figures

Question 30

Similarity

Answer 30

group similar figures

Question 31

Continuity

Answer 31

perceive continuous patterns

Question 32

Closure

Answer 32

fill in gaps

Question 33

Connectedness

Answer 33

see as unit when connected

Question 34

binocular cue

Answer 34

both use of eyes

Question 35

Interposition

Answer 35

object covering other is closer

Question 36

Relative size

Answer 36

bigger is closer

Question 37

Linear perspective

Answer 37

parallel lines converge in distance

Question 38

relative height

Answer 38

closer to horizon is farther away

Question 39

texture gradient

Answer 39

course to smooth texture indicate increasing distance

Question 40

Perceptual set

Answer 40

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another