Chapter 12 Flashcards
(48 cards)
actor-observer bias
phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces
Asch effect
group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate
central route persuasion
logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness
collectivist culture
culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community
confederate
person who works for a researcher and is aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations as part of the research design
dispositionism
describes a perspective common to personality psychologists, which asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament
homophily
tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar
in-group bias
preference for our own group over other groups
individualistic culture
culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy
peripheral route persuasion
one person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message
situationism
describes a perspective that behavior and actions are determined by the immediate environment and surroundings; a view promoted by social psychologists
social exchange theory
humans act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintain a relationship, with the goal to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Social psychology
Study of how we act around and think about others
Attribution
an explanation for the cause of behaviors or events
Fundamental attribution error
tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation
Just-world hypothesis
the assumption that the world is just and that people get what they deserve
Self-Fulfilling-Prophecy
expectations of a person elicit behavior from the person that confirms our expectations
Self-Serving-Bias
The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably
False-Consensus-Effect
Bias where we assume everyone experiences the world like we do (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, behaviors)
False-Uniqueness-Effect
The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and successful behaviors
Attitudes
evaluative reactions (positive or negative) toward things, events, and other people
Cognitive dissonance
feeling of discomfort created from a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two competing attitudes or beliefs
Social Influence
Examines how other people and the social forces they create influence an individual’s behavior
Conformity
adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
