Chapter 14

Question 1

Malignant

Answer 1

Invades surrounding tissue and spreads to distant sites

Question 2

Carcinogenisis

Answer 2

Normal cells undergo malignant transformation and become cancer, includes differentiation, metastasis, anaplasia

Question 3

Differentiation

Answer 3

Developmental process in which unspecified cells or tissues are modified to become different types of tissues

Question 4

Metastasis

Answer 4

Tumor cells move from their primary location to remote colonies

Question 5

Anaplasia

Answer 5

Change in structure and orientation of cells, characteristic of malignancy

Question 6

Glioma

Answer 6

Primary brain tumor, glia

Question 7

Meningioma

Answer 7

Tumor of meninges

Question 8

Intracranial

Answer 8

Within skull

Question 9

Hydrocephalus

Answer 9

Fluid accumulation in skull

Question 10

Neuroma

Answer 10

Benign tumor of neurons and nerve fibers

Question 11

Tumor marker tests and biomarkers

Answer 11

Measure blood levels of biochemical substances that may be associated with cancers

Question 12

CT, MRI, nuclear scans

Answer 12

Information about tumor size shape location

Question 13

Remission

Answer 13

Disappearance of characteristics of a malignant tissue (may or may not mean cancer is completely gone or won’t return)

Question 14

Three methods of cancer treatment

Answer 14

Surgical excision, radiation, systemic or biological therapy

Question 15

Surgical excision for cancer

Answer 15

Requires cancer to be small and present in only one organ that can be removed

Question 16

Resection

Answer 16

Exision of a significant part of an organ plus surrounding tissue that contains lymph nodes

Question 17

Exenteration

Answer 17

Extensive surgical removal or tumor, original, and all surrounding tissue

Question 18

Debulking

Answer 18

Remove as much of tumor’s primary mass as possible, followed by use of radiation or chemotherapy to prevent spread of remaining tumor

Question 19

Radiotherapy

Answer 19

X rays or gamma rays to destroy malignant cells

Question 20

Fractionation

Answer 20

Radiation administered in smaller units over time to minimize tissue damage

Question 21

Linear accelerator (LINAC)

Answer 21

Apparatus that accelerates charged particles to deliver supervoltage x rays

Question 22

Bone marrow transplant

Answer 22

Bone marrow from matching donor to stimulate normal blood cell growth

Question 23

Immunotherapy

Answer 23

Immunostimulants and and immunosuppressants to prevent and treat disease

Question 24

Chemotherapy

Answer 24

Chemical drugs to treat cancer, cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate