Chapter 14

Question 1

Define imagery

Answer 1

Creating or re-creating an experience in the mind

Question 2

Define kinesthetic sense

Answer 2

The ability to feel the body as it moves in different positions

Question 3

Define visual sense

Answer 3

The ability to see

Question 4

Define auditory sense

Answer 4

The ability to hear

Question 5

Define tactile sense

Answer 5

Perception by touch

Question 6

Define olfactory sense

Answer 6

The ability to smell

Question 7

Define anecdotal reports

Answer 7

Reports of isolated occurrences of something

Question 8

Define case studies

Answer 8

Studies in which the researcher closely observes, monitors, and records an individual’s behavior over time

Question 9

Define multiple-baseline case studies

Answer 9

Studies of just a few people over a long time, with multiple assessments documenting changes in behavior and performance

Question 10

Define psychological intervention packages

Answer 10

Approaches that use a variety of psychological interventions (self talk, relaxation, concentration training) along with imagery

Question 11

Define scientific experiments

Answer 11

A procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried

Question 12

Define internal imagery

Answer 12

Imaging the execution of a skill from one’s own vantage point

Question 13

Define external imagery

Answer 13

Imagining the execution of a skill from the perspective of an outside observer

Question 14

Define psychoneuromuscular theory

Answer 14

Vividly imagined events innervate the muscles in somewhat the same way that physically practicing the movement does

Question 15

Define ideomotor principle

Answer 15

Idea that imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills because of the nature of the neuromuscular activity patterns activated during imaging

Question 16

Define symbolic learning theory

Answer 16

Imagery may function as a coding system to help people understand and acquire movement patterns

Question 17

Define bio-informational theory

Answer 17

An image is a functionally organized set of propositions stored by the brain, and performance is enhanced and learning optimally occurs when appropriate stimulus and response propositions are linked and strengthened through imagery

Question 18

Define stimulus propositions

Answer 18

Statements that describe specific stimulus features of the scenario to be imagined

Question 19

Define response propositions

Answer 19

Statements that describe the person’s response to the scenario

Question 19

Define meaning propositions

Answer 19

An explanation of how the individual interprets the response to the stimulus

Question 19

Define psychological explanations

Answer 19

A psychological statement or account that makes something clear

Question 19

Define triple code model

Answer 19

Understanding that three effects-image, somatic response, and meaning of the image-are an essential part of imagery

Question 19

Define attention-arousal set

Answer 19

Imagery functions a a preparatory set that assists in achieving an optimal arousal level, which allows the performer to focus on task-relevant cues and screen out task-irrelevant cues

Question 20

Define exercise imagery

Answer 20

Creating or re-creating an experience in the mind regarding exercise

Question 21

Define vividness

Answer 21

Using all the senses to make images as detailed as possible

Question 21

Define controllability

Answer 21

The ability to manipulate images so they do what you want them to do