Chapter 14 Part 1

Question 1

What kind of nerves are cranial nerves?

Answer 1

sensory, motor, and autonomic functions

Question 2

How do cranial nerves differ from other nerves?

Answer 2

Some are only motor, others are only sensory, and some are both sensory and motor - mixed

Question 3

What are the functions of cranial nerves?

Answer 3

1. Transmit somatosensory information
2. Transmit special sensory information
3. Supply motor innervation
4. Provide parasympathetic regulation

Question 4

From where do cranial nerves transmit somatosensory information?

Answer 4

from the skin and muscles of the face and from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 5

From where do cranial nerves transmit special sensory information?

Answer 5

related to visual, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory, and visceral sensations

Question 6

From where do cranial nerves supply motor innervation?

Answer 6

to the muscles of the face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and two neck muscles

Question 7

From where do cranial nerves provide parasympathetic regulation?

Answer 7

of pupil size, curvature of the lens of the eye, HR, BP, breathing, and digestion

Question 8

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 8

olfactory
sensory
smell

Question 9

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 9

Optic nerve
sensory
vision

Question 10

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 10

Oculomotor nerve
motor
eye movements

Question 11

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 11

Trochlear nerve
motor
eye movements

Question 12

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 12

Trigeminal nerve
sensory and motor
somatic sensation from face, mouth; muscles of mastication

Question 13

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 13

Abducens
Motor
eye movements

Question 14

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 14

Facial
sensory and motor
muscles of facial expression, lacrimal and salivary glands, taste

Question 15

Cranial Nerve VIII

Answer 15

vestibulocochlear
sensory
hearing, balance

Question 16

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal
sensory and motor
posterior tongue
carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

Question 17

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 17

Vagus
sensory and motor
autonomic functions of the gut

Question 18

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 18

Spinal accessory
motor
shoulder and neck muscles

Question 19

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 19

motor

movements of tongue

Question 20

Where does the olfactory transmit information?

Answer 20

nasal chemoreceptors to olfactory bulb

Question 21

Where does the optic nerve transmit visual information from the retina?

Answer 21

to lateral geniculate body of thalamus

to nuclei in midbrain

Question 22

What are the four straight muscles of the eye?

Answer 22

lateral, medial, superior and inferior rectus

Question 23

What are the two oblique muscles of the eye?

Answer 23

superior and inferior

Question 24

Muscles oculomotor controls:

Answer 24

superior,medial and inferior rectus

inferior oblique

Question 25

Muscles trochlear controls:

Answer 25

superior oblique

Question 26

Muscles abducens controls:

Answer 26

lateral rectus

Question 27

How is coordination between the two eyes maintained?

Answer 27

synergistic action

Question 28

Head and eye movement coordination is controlled by signals where?

Answer 28

medial longitudinal lemniscus of brainstem

Question 29

What do parasympathetic neurons in CN III do?

Answer 29

elicit reflexive constriction of the pupil and contraction of the muscles controlling the lens of the eye

Question 30

What is accommodation?

Answer 30

When viewing objects closer than 20 cm, the ciliary muscle contracts, which increases the curvature of the lens

Question 31

What is pupillary reflex?

Answer 31

the constriction of the pupil in the eye directly stimulated by the bright light

Question 32

What is consensual reflex?

Answer 32

the constriction of the pupil in the other eye

Question 33

How are pupillary and consensual reflexes elicited?

Answer 33

the same stimulus (e.g., shining a bright light into one eye).

Question 34

What cranial nerves are involved in pupillary and consensual reflexes?

Answer 34

CN II and CN III

Question 35

What happens during the accommodation reflex

Answer 35

The pupils constrict. The eyes converge. The lens becomes more convex

Question 36

Three branches of trigeminal nerve:

Answer 36

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 37

Ophthalmic:

Answer 37

sensory information

Question 38

Maxillary

Answer 38

sensory information

Question 39

Mandibular:

Answer 39

sensory and motor information

Question 40

Trigeminal nerve reflexes:

Answer 40

afferent and efferent limb of masseter reflex | afferent limb of corneal (blink) reflex

Question 41

Where are signals processed for cranial nerve VII:

Answer 41

processed in the nuclei located in the pons, medulla, and upper spinal cord

Question 42

Two branches of cranial nerve VIII:

Answer 42

vestibular | cochlear

Question 43

Vestibular branch

Answer 43

transmits information related to head position and head movement

Question 44

Cochlear

Answer 44

transmits information related to hearing

Question 45

Where are the receptors located for cranial nerve VIII?

Answer 45

labyrinth of the inner ear that consists of the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea

Question 46

What structures is auditory information transmitted to?

Answer 46

medial geniculate body inferior colliculus reticular formation