Week 1

Question 1

Neuroscience definition

Answer 1

The study of the brain and nervous system

Question 2

Cellular neuroscience

Answer 2

considers distinctions among different types of cells in the nervous system and how each cell type functions

Question 3

Molecular neuroscience

Answer 3

investigates the chemistry and physics involved in neural function

Question 4

Systems neuroscience

Answer 4

investigates groups of neurons that perform a common function (motor, visual system)

Question 5

Behavioral neuroscience

Answer 5

examines the interaction among systems that influence behavior

Question 6

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 6

covers the fields of thinking, learning, and memory.

Question 7

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

cerebral region
brainstem and cerebellar region
spinal cord

Question 8

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 8

all nervous system structures NOT encased in bone
spinal nerves
cranial nerves

Question 9

Sagittal plane

Answer 9

right and left portions

Question 10

Horizontal or Axial plane

Answer 10

above or below portions

Question 11

Coronal plane

Answer 11

anterior and posterior portions

Question 12

Gyrus (gyri)

Answer 12

ridges

Question 13

Sulcus (sulci)

Answer 13

grooves or fissure if deep

Question 14

Central sulcus

Answer 14

one of the most important landmarks in the cerebral cortex

Question 15

Precentral gyrus

Answer 15

somatic motor cortex

Question 16

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 16

somatic sensory cortex

Question 17

Frontal Lobe Gyri

Answer 17

superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

Question 18

Frontal Lobe Sulci

Answer 18

superior frontal sulcus

inferior frontal sulcus

Question 19

Temporal Lobe Gyri

Answer 19

superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus

Question 20

Temporal Lobe Sulci

Answer 20

superior temporal sulcus

inferior temporal sulcus

Question 21

Parietal Lobe Gyri

Answer 21

superior parietal lobe

inferior parietal lobe

Question 22

Parietal Lobe Sulcus

Answer 22

intra-parietal sulcus

Question 23

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 23

separates brain into 2 hemisphere

Question 24

Components of a neuron:

Answer 24

cell body (soma)
dendrites
axon
pre-synaptic terminals

Question 25

Gray matter

Answer 25

areas of the CNS that primarily contain neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

Question 26

White matter

Answer 26

composed of axons, projections of neurons

Question 27

Surface of the brain is called

Answer 27

cortex

Question 28

Nucleus

Answer 28

groups of the cell bodies in the CNS

Question 29

Ganglion (ganglia)

Answer 29

groups of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 30

Tract, lemniscus, column, peduncle

Answer 30

bundle of myelinated axons that travel together in CNS

Question 31

Afferent axons

Answer 31

carry information toward CNS | transmits sensory information to CNS

Question 32

Efferent axons

Answer 32

carry information away from CNS | carry motor commands from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 33

2 main functions of spinal cord:

Answer 33

1. convey information between neurons innervating peripheral structures and the brain 2. to process information within the cord (reflex)

Question 34

Parts of Brainstem

Answer 34

1. midbrain 2. pons 3. medulla

Question 35

Midbrain

Answer 35

superior section of brainstem | two cranial nerves arise from brainstem

Question 36

Pon

Answer 36

Four cranial nerves attach | middle section

Question 37

Medulla

Answer 37

inferior section of the brainstem and continuous with spinal cord four cranial nerves

Question 38

Sensory cranial nerves

Answer 38

olfactory (I), optic (II), vestibulocohlear (VIII)

Question 39

Motor cranial nerves

Answer 39

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

Question 40

Mixed cranial nerves

Answer 40

trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX). vagus (X)

Question 41

Cerebellum

Answer 41

``` function is to coordinate movement consists of two large cerebellar hemispheres and a midline vermis ```

Question 42

Cerebrum consisits of:

Answer 42

diencephalon | cerebral hemispheres

Question 43

Diencephalon consists of

Answer 43

1. thalamus 2 hypthalamus 3. epithalamus 4. subthalamus

Question 44

Thalamus

Answer 44

large, egg-shaped collection of nuclei in the center of the cerebrum - relay information to the cerebral cortex - process emotional and some memory info, regulate consciousness, arousal and attention

Question 45

Hypothalamus

Answer 45

Maintains body temperature, metabolic rate, and chemical composition of tissues and fluids.

Question 46

Epithalamus

Answer 46

Pineal gland influences the secretion of other endocrine glands.

Question 47

Subthalamus

Answer 47

Part of a neural circuit controls movement

Question 48

Lobes of the cerebral hemispheres:

Answer 48

1. frontal 2. parietal 3. temporal 4. occipital 5. limbic 6. insular

Question 49

Cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

Answer 49

- Processes sensory, motor, and memory information. | - Is the site for reasoning, language, nonverbal communication, intelligence, and personality.

Question 50

Limbic lobe/system

Answer 50

involved in emotions and the processing of some types of memory

Question 51

Insular

Answer 51

beneath the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes; responsible for visceral, autonomic and taste functions

Question 52

Basal Ganglia

Answer 52

Basal ganglia nuclei in the cerebral hemispheres are the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus.

Question 53

Caudate and putamen together are called

Answer 53

Corpus striatum

Question 54

Putamen and globus pallidus together are called

Answer 54

lenticular nucleus

Question 55

Incidence

Answer 55

proportion of a population that develops a new case of the disorder within a defined period

Question 56

Prevalence

Answer 56

current proportion of the population with the disorder (old and new cases)