Chapter 14: Social Psychology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 14: Social Psychology Deck (42)
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1
Q

Social Psychologists

A

Study social influences that explain why the same person acts different in a certain siutation

2
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Theory that we tend to give a casual explanation for someone’s behavior; external situation or person disposition

3
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Overestimating the influence of personality but underestimating the influence of the situation

4
Q

Attitudes

A

Feelings with our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events

5
Q

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

A

Agree to a small request will most likely agree to a larger request, and later adjust beliefs to compensate change

6
Q

Door-in-the-Face

A

Learning the best, then sees one a little less than the best, gets the lesser (Starts big and goes small, such as with a car)

7
Q

Peripheral Route Persuasion

A

Fast results, incidental cues, sharp judgemens

8
Q

Central Route Persuasion

A

Evidence and arguments for favorable thought (typically in naturally analytical/involved individuals)

9
Q

Role and Role Playing

A

Adopting a social prescription that forms into our new reality- we start phony and then it becomes real

10
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

We get tension when our attitudes and actions don’t match, so we adjust our attitudes to match our actions, which is easier- Leon Festinger

11
Q

Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Philip Zimbardo- guards begin to assume guard roles and prisoners prison roles, becomes too violent

12
Q

Abu Ghraib Prison Incident

A

Military in Afghanistan prison camps= guards treat prisoner horribly, get worse and worse, American guards were male, female, and young

13
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

14
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

Our tendency to mimic the actions/behaviors of others

15
Q

Automatic Mimcry

A

Automatically mimicking someone’s actions without realizing it, increases with empathy, explains mood linkage

16
Q

Mood linkage

A

Our moods go up and down with the moods of others around us

17
Q

Solomon Asch’s Conformity Study

A

3 lines, which is the longest? 1/3 will conform to what peers say, even if they know it is wrong

18
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

19
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

20
Q

Stanley Milligram’s Obedience Study

A

Pain box, Would you give shocks if told by authority figure? How high would you go?

21
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Stronger responses on well-learned tasks in front of others (Only if easy and/or mastered, as performance will decrease should the task be difficult or not mastered)

22
Q

Social Loafing

A

Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

23
Q

Deindividuation

A

Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity (Anonymous and Aggressive= Dangerous)

24
Q

Group Polarization

A

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group (separation+discussion=polarization)

25
Q

Group Think

A

Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

26
Q

Automatic Prejudice

A

Prejudices that occur despite other beliefs- implicit racial associations, unconscious patronizing, race influenced perceptions, reflexive bodily responses

27
Q

Just World Phenomenon

A

Tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

28
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

29
Q

Other Race Effect

A

Tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races- also called cross-race effect and the own-race bias

30
Q

Frustration-aggression Principle

A

Principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression

31
Q

Social Scripts

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

32
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

33
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

34
Q

Bystander Effect

A

Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present- Kitty G’s death/rape

35
Q

Social Traps

A

Situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their own self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

36
Q

Passionate Love

A

Aroused state of positive absorption in another, at the beginning of a relationship

37
Q

Companionate Love

A

Deep affectionate attachment we feel when our lives are intertwined with someone else’s

38
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

Social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

39
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction: Meant to help people cooperate and make mutually-beneficial decisions

40
Q

Mirror-Image Perceptions

A

We see others as evil, they see us the same way, and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy

41
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

42
Q

Social Responsibility Norm

A

Expectation that people will help those dependent on them