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Unit 4 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain?

A

Thalamus

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2
Q

What derives its color from myelin?

A

The white matter

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3
Q

What acts as cushioning fluid that floats the brain?

A

CSF

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4
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

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5
Q

What are the four major parts of the adult brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum.

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6
Q

What is housed in gray matter?

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

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7
Q

In the figure, letter A is pointing to which space?

A

Subarachnoid space

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8
Q

Put the structures surrounding the brain in order, from superficial to deep, in a region where a dural venous sinus is present.

A
  1. Periosteal layer of dura mater
  2. Blood in dural venous sinus
  3. Meningeal layer of dura mater
  4. Arachnoid mater
  5. CSF in subarachnoid space
  6. Pia mater
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9
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater?

A

Subdural

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10
Q

Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the ______ space.

A

Subarachnoid

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11
Q

Sequence the structures surrounding the brain, from superficial to deep, in a region where dural venous sinuses are absent.

A
  1. Cranial bone
  2. Periosteal layer of dura mater
  3. Meningeal layer of dura mater
  4. Arachnoid mater
  5. CSF in subarachnoid space
  6. Pia mater
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12
Q

What does ‘Delicate mother’ translate to?

A

Pia mater

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13
Q

What are the protective membranes that surround, stabilize, and partition parts of the brain called?

A

Cranial meninges

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14
Q

The arachnoid mater is partially composed of which fibers?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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15
Q

Which of the meninges is the strongest?

A

Dura

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16
Q

Ventricles of the brain are cavities derived from the lumen of which embryonic structure?

A

Neural tube

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17
Q

Where does CSF circulate and eventually leave the ventricles?

A

Subarachnoid space

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18
Q

What acts as ‘gatekeepers’ permitting materials to pass to the neurons of the brain from the capillaries?

A

Astrocytes

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19
Q

Are the ventricles of the brain continuous with one another and the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

True

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20
Q

What items can pass through the blood-brain barrier?

A

Some anesthetics, Nicotine, Alcohol

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21
Q

Where is the location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions?

A

Cerebrum

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22
Q

What are the cavities within the brain called?

A

Ventricles

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23
Q

What is continuously removed from the subarachnoid space so that it will not accumulate?

A

CSF

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24
Q

The portions of the brain responsible for controlling speech and understanding written words and speech are often located in which hemisphere?

Study These Flashcards
A

Left hemisphere

25
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
26
What term describes the functional differences between the two cerebral hemispheres?
Hemispheric lateralization
27
What do neurons in the primary motor cortex control?
Voluntary skeletal muscle
28
Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal
29
What sensory area allows us to identify objects when our eyes are closed?
Somatosensory association area
30
What are the functions of the premotor cortex?
Moving the eyes while reading, coordinating learned activities, coordinating skilled activities
31
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex housed?
Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes
32
What is the somatosensory association area responsible for interpreting?
Sensations of pressure, temperature, shape of objects, texture
33
What cortex is located in the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the precentral gyrus?
Premotor cortex
34
What association area is located in the parietal lobe immediately posterior to the postcentral gyrus?
Somatosensory association area
35
What are the components of the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
36
Which structure partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle?
Epithalamus
37
What connects the left and right sides of the thalamus?
Intermediate mass or interthalamic adhesion
38
Which region of the brain is often referred to as the 'in-between' brain?
Diencephalon
39
What is located in the posterior portion of the epithalamus?
Pineal gland and habenular nuclei
40
What makes up the paired oval masses on each side of the third ventricle?
Thalamus
41
What connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord?
Brain stem
42
What connects the third and fourth ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
43
What is the function of the superior colliculi?
Visual reflex centers
44
What cranial nerves are found in the midbrain?
Trochlear (CN IV), oculomotor (CN III)
45
What are the left and right cerebellar structures called?
Hemispheres
46
What is a bulging region on the anterior side of the brainstem called?
Pons
47
Cranial nerves are part of which nervous system?
Peripheral
48
What is the narrow band of cortex along the midline between the cerebellar hemispheres called?
Vermis
49
How are cranial nerves numbered?
According to their positions, beginning with the nerve that is most anterior
50
Match the cerebellar peduncle on the left with its connection on the right.
Superior: Connects the cerebellum to the mesencephalon Middle: Connects the cerebellum to the pons Inferior: Connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata
51
Which cranial nerves have significant motor and sensory function?
Glossopharyngeal, Facial, Trigeminal, Vagus
52
Cranial nerve I is involved in the sense of?
Smell
53
Which cranial nerve innervates the upper eyelid muscle and four of the six extrinsic eye muscles?
Oculomotor nerve
54
Which cranial nerves are sensory only?
Olfactory, optic
55
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle that moves the eye inferiorly and laterally?
CN IV, trochlear
56
Which cranial nerve is indicated by the letter A in the figure?
Cranial nerve III, oculomotor
57
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle that abducts the eye?
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
58
Which cranial nerve receives sensory impulses from the face and innervates muscle of mastication?
CN V, trigeminal

Unit 4 (9 decks)

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