Chapter20

Question 1

What is the master control center of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 2

The gland also known as the hypophysis is called what?

Answer 2

PITUITARY GLAND

Question 3

The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of which part?

Answer 3

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

Question 4

What drains blood with hormones from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 4

ANTERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL VEIN

Question 5

Which hormone is also called thyrotropin?

Answer 5

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

Question 6

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 6

SELLA TURCICA OF THE SPHENOID BONE

Question 7

Which hormones influence both male and female reproductive systems?

Answer 7

FSH AND LH

Question 8

Which part of the pituitary gland produces and secretes hormones?

Answer 8

ANTERIOR LOBE

Question 9

What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete its own hormones?

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

In the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, where do hypothalamic hormones enter the blood?

Answer 10

PRIMARY PLEXUS

Question 11

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 11

TSH, ACTH, PROLACTIN, GROWTH HORMONE, FSH

Question 12

What does growth hormone (GH) primarily target?

Answer 12

SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 13

Which hormone acts on the adrenal cortex to cause the release of corticosteroids?

Answer 13

ACTH

Question 14

What regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production in females?

Answer 14

PROLACTIN

Question 15

Is oxytocin released by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 15

FALSE

Question 16

What is the condition caused by an excess of growth hormone in adults?

Answer 16

ACROMEGALY

Question 17

What condition exists at birth and is due to inadequate growth hormone production?

Answer 17

PITUITARY DWARFISM

Question 18

What is the effect of too much growth hormone during childhood?

Answer 18

PITUITARY GIGANTISM

Question 19

What part of the pituitary gland consists primarily of unmyelinated axons?

Answer 19

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

Question 20

What is released by the posterior pituitary gland when stimulated by the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

HORMONES

Question 21

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 21

ADH AND OXYTOCIN

Question 22

ADH primarily increases water ______ from kidney tubules.

Answer 22

RETENTION

Question 23

The rounded lobe of the posterior pituitary gland is called what?

Answer 23

PARS NERVOSA

Question 24

The thyroid gland has left and right ______ connected by a narrow isthmus.

Answer 24

LOBES

Question 25

The posterior pituitary gland releases hormones into the ______.

Answer 25

BLOODSTREAM

Question 26

What must be released from the hypothalamus to stimulate the thyroid gland?

Answer 26

TRH

Question 27

The target cells of thyroid hormones are ______.

Answer 27

MOST OF THE BODY CELLS

Question 28

Parafollicular cells secrete which hormone?

Answer 28

CALCITONIN

Question 29

What stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Answer 29

TRH

Question 30

What triggers the synthesis of corticosteroids?

Answer 30

ACTH

Question 31

What type of cells secrete growth hormone?

Answer 31

SOMATOTROPIC CELLS

Question 32

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Answer 32

MELATONIN

Question 33

In diabetes mellitus, there is an excess of ______.

Answer 33

GLUCOSE

Question 34

What is the role of glucagon in the body?

Answer 34

INCREASES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

Question 35

The pancreas has both endocrine and ______ functions.

Answer 35

EXOCRINE

Question 36

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by ______.

Answer 36

LOW TO NO INSULIN SECRETION

Question 37

The most common glucocorticoids are ______.

Answer 37

CORTISOL

Question 38

The adrenal cortex synthesizes more than ______ different steroid hormones.

Answer 38

25

Question 39

The hormone that regulates circadian rhythms is ______.

Answer 39

MELATONIN

Question 40

What stimulates the resorption of bone and the release of calcium into the bloodstream?

Answer 40

PTH

Question 41

The two major types of cells in the pancreatic islets are ______ cells and ______ cells.

Answer 41

ALPHA, BETA

Question 42

What is the effect of insulin on target cells?

Answer 42

LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS