Chapter 15

Question 1

bioremediation

Answer 1

the use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems

Question 2

cellular slime mold

Answer 2

a type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells and a multicellular reproductive body in its life cycle

Question 3

ciliates

Answer 3

a type of protozoan that moves and feeds by means of cilia

Question 4

cocci

Answer 4

spherical prokaryotic cells

Question 5

diatoms

Answer 5

a unicellular photosynthetic alga with a unique glassy cell wall containing silica

Question 6

dinoflagellate

Answer 6

a unicellular photosynthetic alga with two flagella situated in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plates covering the cell

Question 7

endospore

Answer 7

a thick coated, protective cell produced within a prokaryotic cell exposed to harsh conditions

Question 8

endosymbiosis

Answer 8

symbiotic relationship in which one species resides within another species. The mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from symbiotic associations between small prokaryotic cells living inside larger ones

Question 9

endotoxins

Answer 9

a poisonous component of the outer membrane of certain bacteria

Question 10

protozoans

Answer 10

a protist that lives primarily by ingesting food, a heterotrophic, animal like protist

Question 11

pseudopodia

Answer 11

a temporary extension of an amoeboid cell. Pseudopodia functions in moving cells and engulfing food

Question 12

seaweeds

Answer 12

a large multicellular marine alga

Question 13

Algae

Answer 13

An informal term that describes a variety of protists, most of which are multicellular or colonial photosynthetic autographs with chloroplasts.

Question 14

Amoebas

Answer 14

A type of protists characterized by great structural flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.

Question 15

Apicomplexans

Answer 15

A type of parasitic protozoan. Some cause serious human disease.

Question 16

Archaea

Answer 16

One of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Bacteria.

Question 17

Bacilli

Answer 17

A rod-shaped prokaryotic cell.

Question 18

Bacteria

Answer 18

One of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Archaea.

Question 19

Binary Fission

Answer 19

A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two individuals of about equal size.

Question 20

Biogenesis

Answer 20

The principle that all life arises by the reproduction of preexisting life.

Question 21

Plasmodial Slime Mold

Answer 21

A type of protist named for an amoeboid plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle.

Question 22

Prokaryotes

Answer 22

An organism characterized by prokaryotic cells.

Question 23

Protists

Answer 23

Any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.

Question 24

Eukarya

Answer 24

a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained.

Question 25

Eukaryotes

Answer 25

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes.

Question 26

Exotoxins

Answer 26

a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings.

Question 27

Flagellates

Answer 27

a protozoan that has one or more flagella used for swimming.

Question 28

Forams

Answer 28

Forams are single-celled organisms that typically live in the ocean and produce a mineralized shell. Foram shells are generally composed of secreted calcium carbonate , but less commonly they may be composed of organic material or cemented particles scavenged from the sea floor.

Question 29

Green Algae

Answer 29

photosynthetic algae that contain chlorophyll and store starch in discrete chloroplasts. They are eukaryotic and most live in fresh water, ranging from unicellular flagellates to more complex multicellular forms.

Question 30

Parasite

Answer 30

an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.

Question 31

Pathogens

Answer 31

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 32

Plankton

Answer 32

the small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water, consisting chiefly of diatoms, protozoans, small crustaceans, and the eggs and larval stages of larger animals. Many animals are adapted to feed on plankton, especially by filtering the water.

Question 33

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 33

the supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter, as inferred from the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments.

Question 34

Symbiosis

Answer 34

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.