Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(49 cards)
Psychological Disorder
Also: Mental Disorder, Psychiatric Disorder
syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the social, occupational, and other important activities or impairment of successfully executing activities of daily life
Psychopathology
Pathology - study of diseases
study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology, and treatment
- Etiology - causes
- accident
- DNA - nature vs. nurture
Are atypical characteristics signs of a psychological disorder?
can be, but atypical does not always mean abnormal
e.g. red heads
Behaviors vary from one culture to another. How do some behaviors translate between cultures?
may be considered acceptable in one culture, but inappropriate in others
e.g. eye contact is acceptable in western cultures, but it is considered a sign of disrespect and anger in eastern cultures
Experiences vary and are…?
subjective in every person’s internalization of the experiencce
Harmful Dysfunction
dysfunction must be harmful when it leads to negative consequences for the individual or others (as judged by the standards of the individual’s culture)
Mental disorders hindering one from their day-to-day duties and responsibilities.
What are the four criteria to diagnose a psychological disorder?
- disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
- disturbances reflect a biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction
- disturbances lead to distress or disability in one’s life
- disturbances do not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events
- OCD, constantly thinking of germs
- resort to childlike behaviors to come with trauma (e.g. hide in a corner of the bathroom, temper trantrum as an adult)
- needs drugs to function, social anxiety
- expected for one to grieve after losing someone, but eventually move on; abnormal to fall into a deep state of depression and refuse to move on
Diagnosis
appropriately identify and label a set of defined symptoms for proper intervention and patient care
What are the basic features does the DSM-5 include?
- diagnostic features
- diagnostic criteria
- prevalence
- risk factors
Consider frequency, duration, severity to diagnose. Has to be over a long period of time.
comorbidity
occurrence of two or more simultaneous disorders
What are the most common psychological disorders?
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
- alcohol is most abused substance, numb themselves - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Panic Disorder
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Dysthymia
- up and down mood
What is the difference between normal anxiety and pathological anxiety (ANX)?
fears and bad stress will prevent people from completing their responsibilities, while healthy anxiety will help people prepare to take action
What disorders make people live in the future or the past?
- anxiety - worry about the future
- depression - cannot move forward from the past
Neither live in the present, which affects their current everyday life.
Social Anxiety Disorder
- fear and avoidance of social functions
- concerns of humiliation and embarassment
Rehearse a script to practice speaking. No control over anxiety; it isn’t a choice to not go out.
Panic Disorder
- physiological in nature, recurrent
- abrupt sweating and trembling, heart racing, trouble breathing, dizzy and nauseous
- unconscious for 10 minutes long
- panic attack - a single episode
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry
- apprehension becomes a routine and affects the ability to perform responsibilities effectively
23% of women and 24% of men.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- obsession - thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted
- compulsion - need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts
- Go back to complete action, cannot move on without completing it.
- 2.3% of population experience OCD in their lifetime.
Body Dysmorphia Disorder
preoccupied with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either non-existence or barely noticeable to other people
Leads to eating disorders. 2.4% of adults in the US meet criteria for body dismorphia.
Hoarding Disorder
- accumulation of excessive amounts of usually worthless items, clutter living areas
- items may become of some use, or hold sentimental attachment
Loved one dies, hoard items to remember them. (Experience loss, need to gain something.)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- exposed to or witnessed the details of a traumatic event
- symptoms
- flashbacks (relive event), hypervigilance, nightmares, sleep disturbances
7% of adultts in the US (9% of women, 3.6% of men).
What are the major symptoms of schizophrenia?
- delusions
- disorganized thinking
- negative symptoms
Delusions
beliefs contrary to reality and are faced with contradictory evidence
What are the different types of delusions?
- Paranoid Delusions - false belief that other people are plotting something to cause harm
- Gradiose Delusions - false belief that someone holds a special power (e.g. godly)
- Somatic Delusions - belief that something abnormal is happening to one’s body
Disorganized Thinking
- disjointed and incoherent thought processes
- person jumps from topic and topic, so conversations make no sense
