Final Review Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
Diagnosis
A
appropriately identify and label a set of defined symptoms for proper intervention and patient care
2
Q
In the DSM-4, what is the difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2?
A
- Bipolar 1
- depression
- high mania
- Bipolar 2
- depression
- low mania
3
Q
Manic Episode/Mania
A
- experience 3+ symptoms for at least 1 week to diagnose
- symptoms
- inflated self-esteem
- decreased need for sleep
- more talkative
- flight of ideas
- distractibility
- increased goal-directed activity
- excessive involvement in activities that have major consequences
4
Q
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
A
- experience symptoms for at least 2 weeks for diagnosis
- symptoms
- depressed mood
- loss of pleasure
- loss of energy
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- loss of appetite
- diminished ability to think/concentrate
5
Q
Dissociative Identity
A
exhibited two or more personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from each other
6
Q
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A
- exposed to or witnessed the details of a traumatic event
- symptoms
- flashbacks (relive event), hypervigilance, nightmares, sleep disturbances
7% of adultts in the US (9% of women, 3.6% of men).
7
Q
Body Dysmorphia Disorder
A
preoccupied with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either non-existence or barely noticeable to other people
Leads to eating disorders. 2.4% of adults in the US meet criteria for body dismorphia.
8
Q
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A
- child shows a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior
- hyperactivity - excessive movement
9
Q
What is the current DSM?
A
DSM-5
10
Q
What are the names of the three clusters? What psychological disorders are apart of each cluster?
A
- Cluster A (Odds and Eccentrics)
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal
- Cluster B (Dramatics)
- Antisocial
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
- Borderline
- Cluster C (Depressed)
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Obsessive-Compulsive
11
Q
Paranoid
Cluster A
A
- pervasive and unjustifiable suspiciousness and mistrust in others
- takes offense and bears grudges
12
Q
Schizoid
Cluster A
A
-
lacks interest to form relationships with others
- all kinds of relationships, like professional
- aloof, cold, and emotionally detached
- indifferent to approval or criticism
Knows about their issue, but do not seek help since they prefer to live alone.
13
Q
Schizotypal
Cluster A
A
- eccentricities in thought (strange beliefs and fantasies), perception, emotion, speech, and behavior
- suspicious and paranoid
Wants to form relationships but cannot due to eccentricities.
14
Q
Antisocial
Cluster B
A
- continuously violates the rights of others
- deceitful and manipulative to gain profit or pleasure
- 17 and younger -> diagnosed with conduct disorder; 18 and older -> diagnosed with antisocial disorder
15
Q
Histrionic
Cluster B
A
- excessively overdramatic and emotional
- believes relationships are more meaningful than they actually are
- seeks to be the center of attention
- believes they should be treated with significant importance and given special treatment
- validation fuels their ego, lashes without it
16
Q
Narcissistic
Cluster B
A
- overinflated ego and unjustified sense of self-importance
- preoccupied with fantasies of success
- takes advantage of others
- lacks empathy
17
Q
Borderline
Cluster B
A
-
unstable self-image, mood, and behavior
- mood flips the second something goes wrong
- cannot tolerate being alone, experiences chronic feelings of emptiness
- shows intense and in appropriate anger
- unable to form intense and long lasting relationships
Women are typically diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, while men are typically diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
18
Q
Avoidant
Cluster C
A
- socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation
- fears criticism and rejection
- anxious about how others perceive them, causes them to withdraw from society
19
Q
Dependent
Cluster C
A
- allows others to take over their life
- lacks self-confidence
-
cannot make their own decisions
- always asks others to validate their decisions
- adults that do not grow out of childhood separation anxiety are diagnosed with dependent personality disorder
20
Q
Obsessive-Compulsive
Cluster C
A
- pervasive need for perfectionism and ability to complete tasks
- need to complete task to move on, lose track of otthers tasks
- preoccupied with details, rules, orders, and schedules
- inflexible and stubborn
OCPD is different from OCD.
21
Q
Id
A
- unconscious
- contains our primitive drives and urges (inner desires)
- present at birth
- operates on the pleasure principle, where id seeks immediate gratification
Bad angel on one’s shoulder.
22
Q
Superego
A
- conscience
-
moral compass, how one should behave
- judges poor behavior
- develops as a child interacts with others and learns what is socially acceptable
Good angel on one’s shoulder.
23
Q
Ego
A
- rationale
- part of personality seen by others
- one’s self
- if one has a strong ego, they balance the needs of the id and superego and have a healthy personality
24
Q
Stimulus-based Stress
A
causes a reaction from an event or situation arising from the demands of work
25
Response-based Stress
**physiological responses** as a response to environmental conditions arising from the demands of work
26
Stress
process whereby an individual *perceives and responds* to events that they **appraise as overwhelming or threatening** to their well-being
27
What are the two kinds of stress appraisals?
## Footnote
Assessments from these appraisals will influence our reactions to events.
* **Primary Appraisal** - judgement over *potential harm or threat to well-being* that a stressor may entail
* **Secondary Appraisal** - judgement of the options available to *cope with a stressor*, as well as perceptions of how *effective* such options will be
28
Industrial Psychology
concerned with **job requirements** and **assessing individuals** for their ability to meet those requirements
## Footnote
Before one gets hired.
29
Organizational Pyschology
* interested in how the **relationships among employees** affect those employees and the performance of a business
* studies worker satisfaction, worker well-being, leadership, organizational culture
## Footnote
After one is hired. Helps people stay in a company, how personalities blend in the workplace.
30
Human Factors Psychology
study of **how workers interact with tools of work** and how to **design those tools to optimize** worker's productivity, safety, and health
* integration of human-machine interface (cognitive or physical) in the workplace
## Footnote
* After one is hired.
* e.g. design a chair to optimize work performance
31
Schizophrenia
major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior
32
What are the major symptoms of schizophrenia?
1. hallucinations
2. delusions
2. disorganized thinking
3. negative symptoms
33
Hallucination
a perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation
34
What are the different types of hallucinations?
* auditory
* visual
* olfactory (smells)
35
Delusion
a belief contrary to reality and is faced with contradictory evidence
36
What are the different types of delusions?
* **Paranoid Delusions** - false belief that other people are *plotting something to cause harm*
* **Gradiose Delusions** - false belief that someone holds a *special power* (e.g. godly)
* **Somatic Delusions** - belief that something abnormal is happening to one's *body*
37
Disorganized Thinking
* disjointed and incoherent thought processes
* person jumps from topic and topic, so conversations make no sense
38
What are examples of negative symptoms?
* **Avolition** - *lack of motivation* to engage in self-initiated meaningful activity
* **Alogia** - *reduced speech* output
* **Anhedonia** - *little interest* in what others would consider pleasurable activities
39
What was PTSD considered in the DSM-4? In the DSM-5?
* DSM-4 - anxiety disorder
* DSM-5 - trauma-related disorder
40
What are the differences between the Theory X and Theory Y leadership styles?
* Theory X
* assumes most people dislike work
* perceives employees as people who prefer to be led and told which tasks to perform
* Theory Y
* assumes most people seek inner satisfaction and fulfillment from work
* allows employee to participate in decision-making, provide output and input, set their personal and work goals
41
Psychoneuroimmunology
associations between the brain, endocrine system, and immune system (connection between the CNS and the immune system)
42
Psychodynamic Perspective
## Footnote
Proposed by Sigmund Freud.
unconscious **drive** influenced by sex, aggression, and childhood sexuality, are the forces that influence personality
43
What are the 8 defense mechanisms?
1. **Denial** - refuse to accept real events because they are unpleasant
2. **Displacement** - transfer inappropriate urges or behaviors to a more acceptable or less threatening target
3. **Projection** - attribute unnacceptable desires to others
4. **Rationalization** - justify behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less acceptable reasons
5. **Reaction Formation** - reduce anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to own beliefs
6. **Regression** - return to coping strategies for less mature stages of development
7. **Repression** - supress painful memories and thoughts
8. **Sublimation** - redirect unnacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels
44
# Extra Credit
What occurs in the Broca's area? The Wernicke's area?
* Broca's area - language production
* Wernicke's area - language comprehension
45
# Extra Credit
What cortex is responsible for executive decision-making?
pre-frontal cortex
46
# Extra Credit
What is the difference between operant and classical conditioning?
* operant - rewards, punishments
* classical - association
47
# Extra Credit
What psychology program is offered at Cerritos?
Mental Health Worker Program
