Chapter 16-17 vocab cards

Question 1

30-98% carbon by weight, could have sulfur contaminants. Remains of plants crushed into sedimentary rock.

Answer 1

Coal

Question 2

Crude heavy oil extracted from tar sands that’s upgraded to Synthetic fuel

Answer 2

Bitumen

Question 3

Nuclear fission reactor that produces more nuclear fuel than it consumes by converting uranium into plutonium

Answer 3

Breeder nuclear fission reactor

Question 4

Conversion of solid coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG).

Answer 4

Coal gasification

Question 5

Conversion of solid coal to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel (such as synthetic gasoline or methanol)

Answer 5

coal liquification

Question 6

Extracted from underground deposits, turned into heating oil and tar. Mostly made of hydrocarbons

Answer 6

crude oil

Question 7

Isotope that can split apart when hit by a neutron at the right speed and thus undergo nuclear fission (U-235, P-239)

Answer 7

Fissionable isotope

Question 8

Found in shale rock, mixture of hydrocarbons

Answer 8

kerogen

Question 9

Electrical unit, 1000 watts

Answer 9

Kilowatt

Question 10

Natural gas converted to liquid form by cooling to a very low temperature.

Answer 10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Question 11

Mix of propane and butane, a fuel

Answer 11

Liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG)

Question 12

The melting of the core of a nuclear reactor.

Answer 12

Meltdown

Question 13

Underground deposits of gases consisting mostly of methane

Answer 13

Natural gases

Question 14

Total amount of useful energy available from an energy resource or energy system over its lifetime minus energy used and minus waste

Answer 14

Net energy

Question 15

Energy released when atomic nuclei undergo a nuclear reaction such as the spontaneous emission of radioactivity, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion.

Answer 15

Nuclear energy

Question 16

Heavy isotopes split into lighter isotopes when struck by a neutron.

Answer 16

Nuclear fission

Question 17

2 nuclei of low mass are forced together to form a heavier nucleus (high energy)

Answer 17

Nuclear fusion

Question 18

Mix of clay, sand, water, and bitumen.

Answer 18

Oil/tar sands

Question 19

How is bitumen extracted?

Answer 19

Heating

Question 20

Fine grained rock containing various amounts of kerogen

Answer 20

Oil shale

Question 21

Chemicals obtained by refining crude oil

Answer 21

Petrochemicals

Question 22

Waste products of nuclear products

Answer 22

Radioactive waste

Question 23

heavy oil obtained when kerogen in oil shale is vaporized, then condensed.

Answer 23

Shale oil

Question 24

Synthetic gases and fuels produced from solid coal or sources OTHER than natural gas or crude oil

Answer 24

SNG/ Synthetic natural gas

Question 25

Impurities removed when minerals are separated from metals in ore

Answer 25

Tailings

Question 26

Electrical power unit

Answer 26

Watt

Question 27

Solar collectors, uses pumps to transfer captured heat to storage

Answer 27

Active solar heating system

Question 28

Gas or liquid fuel (such as ethyl alcohol) made from plant material (biomass).

Answer 28

Biofuel

Question 29

Production of two useful forms of energy from the same source (ex: heat + electricity)

Answer 29

Cogeneration/combined heat and power

Question 30

Reducing or eliminating the unnecessary waste of energy.

Answer 30

Energy conservation

Question 31

Percentage of the total energy input that does useful work and is not converted into useless heat

Answer 31

Energy efficiency

Question 32

Heat transferred from the earth's underground concentrations of steam

Answer 32

geothermal

Question 33

Water pushes turbines, creates energy

Answer 33

hydroelectric power plant

Question 34

Electrical energy produced by falling or flowing water.

Answer 34

Hydropower

Question 35

Kilowatt

Answer 35

1000 watts

Question 36

Initial cost plus lifetime operating costs of an economic good.

Answer 36

Life cycle cost

Question 37

Systems of small-scale decentralized units that generate 1-10,000 kilowatts of electricity

Answer 37

Micropower systems

Question 38

System that captures sunlight directly within a structure and converts it into heat

Answer 38

Passive solar heating

Question 39

Device that converts radiant (solar) energy directly into electrical energy.

Answer 39

Photovoltaic/solar cell

Question 40

Device for collecting radiant energy from the sun and converting it into heat

Answer 40

Solar collector

Question 41

House that is heavily insulated and extremely airtight

Answer 41

Superinsulated house

Question 42

Cluster of wind turbines that capture wind and turn it into energy

Answer 42

Wind farm