chapter 18 vocab

Question 1

Carcinogen

Answer 1

Chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses that cause or promote the development of cancer.

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

produces a tumor in which cells multiply uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissue.

Question 2

Dose

Answer 2

The amount of a potentially harmful substance an individual ingests, inhales, or absorbs through the skin.

Question 3

Dose-responsive curve

Answer 3

Plot of data showing effects of various doses of a toxic agent on a group of test organisms.

Question 4

epidemiology

Answer 4

Study of the patterns of disease and exposure

Question 5

Hazard

Answer 5

Something that can cause injury, disease, economic loss, or environmental damage.

Question 6

Hazardous chemical

Answer 6

Chemical that can cause harm because it is flammable or explosive, can cause allergic reactions, or irritate the lungs

Question 7

LD50

Answer 7

Amount of a toxic material that kills half the test population in a certain time.

Question 8

Malignant

Answer 8

Spread of malignant (cancerous) cells from a tumor to other parts of the body.

Question 9

Mutagen

Answer 9

Chemical or form of radiation that causes inheritable changes (mutations) in the DNA

Question 10

neurotoxin

Answer 10

Chemicals that can harm the human nervous system

Question 11

Nontransmissible disease

Answer 11

A disease that is not caused by living organisms and does not spread from one person to another.

Question 12

Pathogen

Answer 12

Organism that produces disease.

Question 13

Poison/toxin

Answer 13

A chemical that adversely affects the health of a living human or animal

Question 14

Probability

Answer 14

A mathematical statement about how likely it is that something will happen.

Question 15

Response

Answer 15

The amount of health damage caused by exposure

Question 16

Risk

Answer 16

The probability that something undesirable will result from deliberate or accidental exposure to a hazard.

Question 16

Risk analysis

Answer 16

Identifying hazards, evaluating the nature and severity of risks to determine decisions about limiting and communicating about risks

Question 17

Risk assessment

Answer 17

Process of gathering data and making assumptions about the effects on people and the environment due to a new product

Question 18

Risk communication

Answer 18

Communicating information about risks to decision makers and the public.

Question 19

Risk management

Answer 19

Using risk assessment and other information to determine options and make decisions about reducing or eliminating risks.

Question 20

Teratogen

Answer 20

Chemical, ionizing agent, or virus that causes birth defects.

Question 21

Toxicity

Answer 21

Measure of how harmful a substance is.

Question 22

Toxicology

Answer 22

Study of the adverse effects of chemicals on health.

Question 23

transmissible disease

Answer 23

A disease that is caused by living organisms and can spread from one person to another