Chapter 18

Question 1

Tongue

Answer 1

A thick muscular organ in the mouth

Question 2

Taste Buds

Answer 2

Bumps on the tongue that contain nerve cells sensitive to sweet, sour, salt, and bitter

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces of the same material

Question 4

Incisor

Answer 4

A type of tooth shaped like a chisel for biting off foods

Question 5

Cuspid

Answer 5

A type of tooth with one point (cusp) for ripping meat (also called a canine tooth)

Question 6

Bicuspid

Answer 6

A type of tooth with two points (cusps) for grinding food

Question 7

Molar

Answer 7

A type of large, broad, flat tooth for crushing food

Question 8

Chemical Digestion

Answer 8

The process of chemically breaking down foods into simpler substances

Question 9

Saliva

Answer 9

A secretion from the salivary glands in the mouth which contains amylase

Question 10

Amylase

Answer 10

The enzyme that begins the digestion of starches

Question 11

Esophagus

Answer 11

The smooth muscle tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Question 12

Peristalsis

Answer 12

Rhythmic, wave-like, contractions

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

A digestive organ that chemically and mechanically digests food

Question 14

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 14

A ring-like muscle that closes the lower end of the stomach

Question 15

Pepsin

Answer 15

An enzyme in gastric juice that begins the chemical digestion of proteins

Question 16

Small Intestine

Answer 16

The organ in which digestion is completed and absorption occurs; the longest organ in the body

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

The largest organ of the body; produces bile and takes part in other metabolic activities

Question 18

Bile

Answer 18

A digestive juice produced in the liver that emulsifies fats

Question 19

Gall Bladder

Answer 19

A balloon-like organ that stores bile

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

A glandular organ that secretes pancreatic juice, insulin, and glucagon

Question 21

Villus

Answer 21

A finger-like projection of the lining of the small intestine that increases surface area for absorption of digested nutrients

Question 22

Lacteal

Answer 22

A small lymph vessel inside a villus that absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

Large Intestine

Answer 23

A short, thick section of the digestive system where water is absorbed

Question 24

Rectum

Answer 24

The storage area for solid waste at the end of the large intestine

Question 25

Anus

Answer 25

The opening in the digestive system through which wastes are excreted