Chapter 2

Question 1

What type molecule has carbon and seen in all living beings

Answer 1

Bio molecules

Question 2

What molecule is hydrophobic, stored energy, communicate cell to cell and form integral components of the cell membrane

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

What bio molecules that start reactions regulate gene expression, cell to cell communication. Also considered workers of the cell

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

What bio molecules have cellular ID tag and are a abundant energy source used in the body

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

The simplest form of a bio molecule

Answer 5

Monomer

Question 6

What molecule has multiple building block links up with a covalent bond and generally used to store energy?

Answer 6

Polymonomer

Question 7

What type of polymer transfer information one generations to the next by creating new proteins from a single amino acid monomers

Answer 7

Nucleic acids

Question 8

Monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 8

Monosaccarides

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

A polymer of glucose molecules that stores energy in animals, which humans can digest

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Polysaccharide that’s stored in plants and edible for humans

Question 11

What molecules is the monomer of all proteins

Answer 11

Amino acids

Question 12

The molecules can be saturated, mono saturated, poly saturated and are the building blocks of all lipids

Answer 12

Fatty acids

Question 13

What type of monomer is composed of a nitrogenous base, 5- carbon sugar and a phosphate

Answer 13

Nucleotides

Question 14

When molecules from 2 diff categories are attached

Answer 14

Conjugated

Question 15

What is a lipoprotein

Answer 15

A lipid attached to a protein

Question 16

What is the primary polymer storage of lipids

Answer 16

Triglyceride

Question 17

What is it called when proteins bind a signal molecule that initiate a cellular response?

Answer 17

Receptors

Question 18

What category of peptides transmit info from one cell to another? Through hormone or neuropeptides

Answer 18

Signal molecules

Question 19

This type of protein either increase or decrease protein synthesis, regulate cell processes for transcription of DNA. Also known as transcription factors

Answer 19

Regulatory proteins

Question 20

Usually called antibodies, extra cellular immune proteins, protect the body from pathogens

Answer 20

Immunoglobulins

Question 21

What speeds up chemical reaction and lowers the activation energy?

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

What proteins bind to insoluble and non polar molecules to make them water soluble in order transport through the body? Some bio molecules & gases are not soluble in water.

Answer 22

Binding proteins

Question 23

Ligands

Answer 23

Molecules that bind to proteins @ special sites

Question 24

Affinity

Answer 24

To describe the attraction between a ligand and its binding site

Question 25

Saturation

Answer 25

Describes when all the binding sites are occupied cause the enzyme to no longer increase

Question 26

Whats it called when the amount of protein increases within a cell

Answer 26

Up-regulation

Question 27

Denatured

Answer 27

When a protein loses its binding site causing it to no longer be working. from temperature exposure, undesired pH.

Question 28

Proteolytic

Answer 28

Description of a fragmented inactive protein that’s removed to create and active protein

Question 29

Antagonists

Answer 29

Also called inhibitors since they bind to a protein and decrease it’s activity

Question 30

What type of connection occurs on a protein from a non-ligand that physically blocks ligands from binding

Answer 30

Competitive inhibition

Question 31

Allosteric activation

Answer 31

Description of a molecule binds to a protein away from a binding site and then activated that binding site

Question 32

What extra cellular fluid surrounds body tissues and or body organs

Answer 32

Interstitial fluid

Question 33

What extra cellular fluid is for blood cells

Answer 33

Plasma

Question 34

What is the outer surface of a cell called? It’s made of lipids and embedded proteins

Answer 34

Plasma membrane

Question 35

Cytoplasm

Answer 35

The fluid that contains all fluid and solid material inside a plasma membrane

Question 36

Non- membranous organelles, insoluble materials inside of a cell and don’t have a membrane

Answer 36

Inclusions

Question 37

The organelle in a cell that contains all genetic material that’s used to make proteins and control cell processes

Answer 37

Nucleus

Question 38

Small, dense granules of RNA & protein that manufacture proteins in the directions of the cells DNA and mRNA

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

This organelle is a interconnected network that has a smooth or rough appearance. It lumen protein modifications or lipid synthesis can occur

Answer 39

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

These organelle have their own genetic material and are the power house of the cell

Answer 40

Mitochondria

Question 41

This organelle receives protein from Rough ER and sends vesicles of them around the cell or out side

Answer 41

Golgi apparatus

Question 42

Small storage vesicles of powerful enzymes that remove cellular components that are no longer needed

Answer 42

Lysosomes

Question 43

Whats the body normal temp in F and C

Answer 43

98.6 F & 37 C

Question 44

Normal PH for the human body

Answer 44

7.35-7.45

Question 45

Name the steps in order for a feed back loop( 8)

Answer 45

1. Stimulus 2. Sensor 3. Aferente pathway 4.Integrating path way 5. Efferent pathway 6. Effector 7. Effector action 8. Response

Question 46

Common disaccharides

Answer 46

Sucrose , maltose, lactose

Question 47

Common polysaccharides

Answer 47

Glycogen , cellulose , starch GCS (Jesus)

Question 48

What moves polar substrates across a cell membrane and has two types: channels or carrier proteins

Answer 48

Membrane transporters

Question 49

Define a covalent modulation

Answer 49

When a phosphate would kinase or phosphatase

Question 50

What do motor proteins do?

Answer 50

Proteins that move a organelle and other structures around the cell by “walking” along the cytosekelton in a fashion called kinesin