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Bio 116 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Golgi Complex appearance

A

Flattened, slightly curved, membrane-enclosed sacs

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2
Q

Primary mechanism for accomplishing secretion

A

Exocytosis

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3
Q

Three Major Cell Subdivisions

A

Plasma Membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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4
Q

Plasma Membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

A

Three Major Cell Subdivisions

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5
Q

Thin membranous structure that encloses cell

A

Cell Membrane

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6
Q

Distinct Spherical structure in center of cell

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Surrounds nucleus, separates it from rest of cell

A

Nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Allows traffic to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear pores

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9
Q

Houses cell’s genetic information (DNA)

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

DNA’s functions

A

Directing protein synthesis and serving as a genetic blueprint during cellular replication

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11
Q

Directing protein synthesis and serving as a genetic blueprint during cellular replication

A

DNA’s functions

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12
Q

Provides codes/instructions for directing synthesis of specific structural and enzymatic proteins in the cell.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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13
Q

Three types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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14
Q

Plays a role in protein synthesis

A

RNA

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15
Q

Brings DNA’s genetic code from nucleus to ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA

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16
Q

Reads code from mRNA and translates into amino acid sequence for protein being synthesized.

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Essential component of ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

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18
Q

Delivers amino acids within cytoplasm to their site in the protein

A

Transfer RNA

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19
Q

Consists of various organelles, cytoskeleton, and cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

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20
Q

Scaffolding of proteins serving as a cell’s “Bone and muscle”

A

cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Complex, gel-like fluid

A

cytosol

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22
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitocondria

A

Organelles

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23
Q

Elaborate fluid-filled membranous system distributed throughout cytosol

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

A

Produce proteins and lipids

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25
Produce proteins and lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
26
Types of ER
Rough and smooth
27
Stacks of relatively flattened interconnected sacs
Rough ER
28
Meshwork of tiny interconnected tubules
Smooth ER
29
Synthesizes proteins for secretion and membrane construction
Rough ER (and Ribosomes)
30
Studded with ribosomes
Rough ER
31
rRNA-protein complexes that synthesize proteins under the direction of nuclear DNA
Ribosomes
32
Protein synthesis occurs here
Ribosomes
33
Secretory products such as protein hormones or enzymes, and constructing new plasma membrane for other cell structures
Protein jobs
34
Packages new proteins in transport vesicles
Smooth ER
35
Forms transport vesicles by enclosing new molecules
Smooth ER
36
Transport vesicles next stop after smooth ER, go here for further processing
Golgi complex
37
Extensive smooth ER in muscle cells that store calcium.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
38
Flattened, slightly curved, membrane-enclosed sacs
Golgi complex structure
39
Where processing raw materials into finished products occurs
Golgi complex
40
Where sorting and directing the finished products to their final destinations occurs
Golgi complex
41
Packages secretory vesicles for release by exocytosis
Golgi complex
42
Small, membrane-enclosed organelles that break down organic molecules
Lysosomes
43
Digest extracellular material brought into the cell by phagocytosis
Lysosomes
44
Catalyze hydrolysis
Hydrolytic enzymes
45
Serve as the intracellular "digestive system"
Lysosomes
46
Internalization of extracellular material within a cell
Endocytosis
47
Pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis
Types of endocytosis
48
Remove worn-out organelles
lysosomes
49
Produce and decompose hydrogen peroxide
peroxisomes
50
Similar structure to lysosomes, but contain oxidative enzymes
Peroxisomes
51
Energy organelle, "power plant"
Mitocondria
52
Extract energy from nutrients in food and transform it into usable energy for the cell
Mitocondria
53
Enclosed by two membranes
Mitochondria
54
Contains cristae and a gel-like solution called the matrix
Mitochondria
55
Generates ATP
Mitochondria
56
Intracellular reactions where energy-rich molecules are broken down to form ATP
Cellular ATP
57
Process of breaking down glucose
Glycolysis
58
What does the energy stored within ATP do?
Synthesis, transport, mechanical work
59
Cell Gel
Cytosol
60
What is important for intermediary metabolism, ribosomal protein synthesis, and nutrient storage?
cytosol
61
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
Parts of cytoskeleton
62
Slender, long, hollow, unbranched tubes
Microtubules
63
Transport of secretory vesicles from one region of cell to another, movement of specialized cell projections, and distribution of chromosomes during cell division
Microtubule function
64
Important to cellular contractile systems and as mechanical stiffeners
Microfilaments
65
Important to cell regions subject to mechanical stress
Intermediate filaments
66
Membrane-enclosed structures w/ specific functions
Organelles
67
Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Membrane
68
Polar, Hydrophilic
Head of Phospholipid molecule
69
Fatty acid, nonpolar, hydrophobic
Phospholipid tail
70
Template for Protein production
DNA
71
Contains genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
72
Assemblage of of mRNA from DNA
Transcription
73
Production of peptides and proteins
Translation
74
Area not occupied by nucleus
Cytoplasm
75
Modifies peptides
Smooth ER
76
Addition of sugar (in smooth ER)
Glycosylation
77
Reduction of size of peptide (In smooth ER)
Truncation
78
Lipid synthesis occurs here
Smooth ER
79
Smooth ER also does this in skeletal and smoot muscle cells
Calcium storage
80
Further modifications of peptides occurs here
Golgi Complex
81
Release of material from cell into extracellular environment
Secretion
82
Contain enzymes to degrade cellular debris and foreign matter
Lysosomes
83
Proteins, catalyze chemical reactions
Enzymes
84
Cells consume small thing
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
85
Cells consume bacterium
Phagocytosis
86
Oxidative enzymes
Peroxisomes
87
Losing electrons
Oxidation
88
Gaining electrons
Reduction
89
"pockets" fat or glycogen
Inclusions
90
Storage form of glucose
glycogen
91
Transport "Highways" for vesicles
Microtubules
92
Chromosomal distribution during cellular division
Microtubules
93
Movement of cilia and flagellum
Microtubules
94
Control cellular contraction and shape changes
Microfilament
95
Contains Actin (Most), myosin (some)
Microfilament
96
Cell-cell adhesion with keratin
intermediate filaments
97
Anchoring point for organelles
Microtrabecular Lattice
98

Bio 116 (13 decks)

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