Chapter 9 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Establishes a pressure gradient for blood
A
The heart
2
Q
Passage ways for blood to be distributed throughout the body
A
Blood vessels
3
Q
Transports materials throughout body (O2, CO2, ect)
A
Blood
4
Q
What kind of pump is the heart?
A
Dual
5
Q
Name of upper chambers of heart
A
atria
6
Q
Name of lower chambers of heart
A
Ventricles
7
Q
Receive blood and transports it to lower chambers
A
Atria
8
Q
Pump blood out of the heart
A
Ventricles
9
Q
Returns blood from tissues to atria
A
Veins
10
Q
Carry blood from ventricles to tissues
A
Arteries
11
Q
Separates the heart
A
Septum
12
Q
Side of heart that receives and pumps O2 poor blood
A
Right Side
13
Q
Side of heart that receives and pumps 2 rich blood
A
Left Side
14
Q
Veins that returns blood to the heart
A
Venae Cavae
15
Q
What side of the heart receives systemic venous blood?
A
Right heart
16
Q
Side of the heart responsible for pulmonary circulation
A
Right Heart
17
Q
Side of heart that receives blood from lungs
A
Left heart
18
Q
Side of heart pumps blood for systemic circulation
A
Left heart
19
Q
This influence speeds up heart rate
A
Sympathetic
20
Q
This influence slows down heart rate
A
Parasympathetic
21
Q
Recording of electrical activity in heart
A
Electrocardiography
22
Q
Leads to contraction of Atria
A
Atrial depolarization
23
Q
Leads to contraction of ventricles
A
Ventricular depolarization
24
Q
Occurs at P wave
A
Atrial depolarization
25
Occurs at QRS Complex
Ventricular depolarization
26
Occurs at T wave
Ventricular repolarization
26
Time of contraction
Systole
27
Time when no contraction occurs
Diasystole
28
What happens during ventricle diastole?
Passive filling
29
Occurs during ventricular diastole, systemic to right atrium and pulmonic to left atrium
Venous return
30
What valves open during ventricular diastole
AV Valves
31
When do AV valves open?
During ventricle diastole
32
What occurs during Atrial Systole?
Ventricles passively fill with blood
33
AV valves close during this time
Early ventricular systole
34
Increased pressure with same volume of liquid (in the ventricles)
Isovolumetric contraction
35
Semi lunar valves open during this time
Late ventricular systole
36
Volume ejected by ventricles per minute
Cardiac Output
37
Cardiac Output equals
Heartrate times stroke volume
38
Volume ejected per beat
Stroke Volume
39
Determines heart rate
SA Node and autonomic influence
40
Determines stroke volume
Venous return and force of contraction
41
What part of the cardiovascular system are capacitance vessels?
Systemic veins
42
What does capacitance mean?
Volume can change
43
What does it mean for systemic veins to be capacitance vessels?
Volume of blood can change
44
Where does more blood reside?
Venous circulation
45
What does the Frank Starling Law work with?
Sympathetic enhancement
46
Law that states that increased venous return leads to increased stroke volume?
Frank-Starling law
47
What is an intrinsic property of cardiac muscle?
Frank-Starling Law
48
Volume in ventricles just before contraction
End Diastolic Volume
49
End Diastolic volume is increased by
Increasing venous return
50
When does peak coronary artery flow occur?
During diastole
51
Takes blood away from heart
Artery
52
Takes blood to the heart
Veins
53
Why does peak coronary artery flow occur during diastole?
Semi lunar valves get pushed over coronary arteries when they open
54
Three symptoms of coronary artery disease
Spasms, plaque, thrombo-embolism
55
Inappropriate blood clot in artery
Thrombus
56
Thrombus that is pushed into smaller blood vessels, blocks blood flow
Embolus
57
Pressure flow resistance principles
Fluids move down pressure gradient, pressure decreases over distance, resistance is inherent
58
Flow equals
Delta pressure divided by resistance
59
Resistance determination law
Poiseuille's law
60
Poiseuille's Law Equation
Resistance equals length times viscosity divided by vessel size to the 4th power
61
How does diameter relate to resistance?
Inversely
62
Elastic blood vessel that recoils with pressure
Arteries
63
Blood vessels with high resistance
Arterioles
64
Blood vessels that can constrict and dilate
Arterioles
65
Exchange vessels
Capillaries
66
Capacitance vessels
Veins
67
What type of blood vessel has the greatest resistance to blood flow through systemic circulation?
Arterioles
68
Increased sympathetic activity and O2 leads to this of arterioles
Vasoconstriction
69
This happens to resistance during vasoconstriction
Increases
70
Decreased sympathetic activity and O2, increased metabolism causes this of arterioles
Vasodilation
71
Mean pressure of systemic arteries
Blood pressure
72
Maintains MABP for the short term
Reflexes
73
Maintains MABP for the long term
Kidneys
74
Why do kidneys maintain MABP?
Through maintaining blood volume
75
4 Capillary rules
thin, leaky, huge area, slow velocity
76
One layer of endothelium
Capillaries
77
Moves via diffusion in capillary exchange
O2, CO2, lipids
78
Moves via active transport in capillary exchange
Amino acids
79
Moves via bulk fluid movement in capillary exchange
Dissolved elements and H2O
80
Process of capillary exchange through pores
Bulk fluid movement
81
Starling forces that are + filtration
Capillary blood pressure and interstitial fluid protein pressure
82
Starling forces that are +reabsorption
Interstitial fluid pressure and plasma protein osmotic pressure
83
Net filtration volume
1-2 Liters
84
Where does filtration go after the capillaries?
Lymphatic system
85
What happens if filtration is greater than lymphatic drainage?
Fluid build up leading to edema
86
How does blood under the heart return to the heart though veins?
Skeletal Muscle pump
87
What do skeletal muscle pumps have that allows them to work?
One-way valves
88
Reflex that maintains blood pressure
Baroreceptor reflex
89
What nervous system aids in maintaining blood pressure?
Autonomic Nervous System
90
Large change in BP, likely postural
Orthostasis
91
What does a big change in posture such as laying to standing do to BP with orthostasis?
Large drop in BP
92
A blood pressure over 140/90 sustained
Hypertension
93
Sustained low BP less than 90/65
Hypotension
94
Unknown cause
Idiopathic
95
Can cause sepsis and cardiovascular collapse
Hypotension
96
Increasing exercise decreases this (2 things)
Peripheral resistance and diastolic pressure
97
Increasing exercise increases this
Systolic pressure
98
