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Bio 116 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do blood cells originate?

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Scientific name for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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3
Q

Erythrocyte function

A

O2 and CO2 transport, acid-base balance

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4
Q

Three types of granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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5
Q

Granulocyte that is a phagocytic specialist

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Granulocyte that destroys parasites and controls allergic responses

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

Granulocyte that produces and releases chemicals such as histamine and heparin

A

Basophils

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8
Q

Neutrophil function

A

Phagocytic specialist

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9
Q

Eosinophil function

A

Destroy parasites, allergic responses

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10
Q

Basophil function

A

produce and release chemicals such as histamine and heparine

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11
Q

Histamine and heparin purpose

A

regulate capillary exchange

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12
Q

Monocytes mature to become

A

macrophagess

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13
Q

Monocytes and macrocytes are

A

phagocytic champs

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14
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

B and T lymphocytes, B and T cells

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15
Q

B lymphocyte function

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

T lymphocyte function

A

cell-mediated immunity

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17
Q

Lymphocytes are involved in this type of immunity

A

Acquired/adaptive immunity

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18
Q

Three immune system functions

A
  1. protect against pathogens
  2. Remove damaged/dead cells
  3. remove abnormal cells (cancer)
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19
Q

Dangerous foreign materials in immune system

A

pathogens

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20
Q

Three main pathogen types

A

Bacteria, viruses, multicellular organisms (Parasites)

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21
Q

What is the function of a host for bacteria

A

place for it to reside

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22
Q

Pathogen that releases toxins that interfere with cell functions

A

bacteria

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23
Q

What is a virus

A

Genetic info (RNA/DNA)

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24
Q

What do viruses do within the body?

A

Replicates DNA and RNA

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25
What pathogen replicated DNA and RNA in host
Virus
26
What pathogen uses its host for nutrients?
Multicellular organisms
27
Three steps of immune response
1. Detection/identification 2. Cellular communication 3. Suppression/destruction
28
Types of suppression/detection in immune response
Innate or acquired/adaptive/specific
29
Two immune system components
Lymphoid tissues and cellular components
30
Primary lymphoid tissues
bone marrow and thymus
31
bone marrow and thymus
Primary lymphoid tissues
32
Secondary lymphoid tissues
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, gut associated tissues, appendix
33
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, gut associated tissues, appendix
Secondary lymphoid tissues
34
Innate immunity
"First line of defense"
35
4 components of innate immunity
Inflammation, interferon, natural killer cells, compliment proteins
36
Purpose of natural killer cells
detect and kill viral infected cells
37
Accumulation of red blood cells causes
inflammation
38
What is secreted when macrophages engulf bacteria?
cytokines
39
What cells release histamine?
Mast cells
40
What does histamine do in regards to inflammation
Dilates arterioles, increases capillary blood flow and leakiness
41
What leaves circulatory system in inflammatory response
Neutrophils
42
Local redness and heat, swelling and pain are symptoms of what?
Inflammation
43
What is the purpose of inflammation?
Contain and suppress growth and division of bacteria
44
Interferons, compliment proteins, and Natural Killer Cells are these kind of responses
Innate
45
Immunity that relies on cells recognizing antigens
Acquired/adaptive/specific immunity
46
Where does interferon bind?
Neighboring cells
47
What does interferon prevent?
mRNA and protein production in uninfected cells
48
What are compliment proteins?
Individual plasma proteins
49
What happens to the capillary for compliment proteins to assemble?
Leaky
50
What do compliment proteins assemble into in membrane of pathogen?
Membrane Attack Complex
51
What do the Membrane Attack Complexes do?
Influx of water into pores, bacteria lyse
52
Purpose of natural killer cells
Kill viral-infected cells, lyse
53
Complex molecules that initiate immune response
Antigen
54
Job of B-cells
Recognize antigen, produce antibodies
55
Proteins that are secreted by B cells, circulation antigen receptors
Antibodies
56
What do B cells do after antigen binds?
Rapidly divide, clones
57
B cell clone plasma cell function
Produce and secrete antibodies
58
Cloned plasma cells have a large
Rough ER
59
Where do non plasma clone B cells go and why?
Stored in lymphoid tissue as memory cells
60
Name for antibody role where antigenic cells are clumped together
Agglutination
61
Do antibodies enhance compliment proteins?
Yes
62
Name for antibody role that stimulates phagocytes
Opsonization
63
Do antibodies stimulate Natural Killer cells?
Yes
64
T cell function
Cell mediated immunity
65
Two types of T cells
Helper T and Cytotoxic T
66
What do T cells require?
antigen presentation
67
Where do phagocytes present antigen?
Class II MHC Protein
68
What does thee CD4 coreceptor do?
Shakes hands with antigen, recognizes self
69
What do activated helper T cells do?
Release cytokines
70
What do cytotoxic T cells do?
binds to viral infected cell and destroys infected host cell
71
How do NK cells lyse cells?
Release perforin proteins
72
Amplified, inappropriate immune response
Allergies
73
An allergen is this
antigen
74
What gathers antibodies in an allergic response?
Mast cells
75
Releases histamine in allergic response
Mast cells
76
Antigen created by the body
Self antigen
77
What is a self antigen?
Recognition molecules utilized by the immune system, specifically T cells
78
Unregulated cell growth
Cancer
79
What is produced by cells when they recognize altered self antigens (cancer)
Interferon
80
What destroys cancer cells with perforins?
Cytotoxic T and Natural Killer cells
81
What cell is activated by cancerous cells?
Macrophages
82
What determines if blood is + or -?
Rh factor
83
Universal blood recipient
AB+
84
Universal Blood donar
O-

Bio 116 (13 decks)

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