Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 116 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Chromosome pair for a genetic male

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chromosome pair for a genetic female

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What chromosome does the egg carry?

A

X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cell determines genetic sex?

A

Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does bipotential Gonadal Tissue Occur?

A

Until around six weeks of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What marks the end of bipotential gonadal tissue?

A

Development of ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What forms testes?

A

Activation of gene on Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is produced after the gene on Y chromosome is activated?

A

Testes Determining Factor (TDF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of hormone is TDF?

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs in a testes gonadal male?

A

Fetal testes production of testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What supports fetal testes testosterone production?

A

Testes ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is fetal testosterone produced and peaked?

A

Produced around 8 weeks, peaks at 12-16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does fetal testosterone production do?

A

Production and development of male genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is phenotypic sex?

A

Around 20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to fetal testosterone levels by late 3rd trimester?

A

Drops to nearly zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does testosterone peak ex utero?

A

Around 1-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ex utero testosterone production is caused by this

A

Testes, intrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to testosterone production until puberty?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does puberty for males occur?

A

11-12 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does male puberty occur with regard to the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamic maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are leydig cells located?

A

Interstitially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What gonadotropin hormone acts on leydig cells?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does testosterone do for sertoli cells?

A

Supports spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What gonadotropin hormone acts on Sertoli cells?
FSH
26
What two hormones are released by Sertoti cells?
1. Androgen Binding Protein 2. Inhibin
27
What does Androgen Binding protein do?
Concentrates testosterone in seminiferous tubules
28
What does inhibin do?
Negative feedback to Ant. Pit. production of FSH
29
Where do sperm cells start out?
Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules
30
Where do mature sperm cells go?
Lumen of seminiferous tubules
31
Fetal role of testosterone
Establish male phenotypic sex, descent of testes into scrotum
32
What does the production of testosterone at 1-3 months ex utero do?
Establishes pattern of GnRH and thus LH, FSH release at puberty
33
4 roles of testosterone during and after puberty
1. Growth and maturation of reproductive system 2. Essential in spermatogenesis 3. Libido (sex drive) 4. Secondary sex characteristics
34
Libido
Sex drive
35
Nonreproductive effects of testosterone (3)
1. Stimulates gene expression and protein production, specifically in smooth muscle 2. Promotes bone growth at puberty 3. May induce aggressive behavior
36
What happens to testosterone when acted upon by aromatase in the brain
Becomes estradiol
37
What is estradiol?
Estrogen
38
What is aromatase?
Enzyme in the brain
39
No androgens causes this in females
Female phenotypic sex
40
What is the typical menstral cycle length?
around 28 days
41
What happens during a menstral cycle?
Single follicle grows, matures, releases oocyte
42
What happens on day zero?
First day of menstration
43
What happens to gonadotropins on day 14 of the menstral cycle?
LH and FSH Spike, gonadotropin surge
44
What dictates the ovarian cycle?
Ant. Pit LH and FSH
45
What happens during the follicular phase?
Single follicle growth, FSH and LH, E2 increases
46
Ovarian phase where single follicle growth, FSH and LH, and E2 increases
Follicular phase
47
What happens on day 14 of the ovarian cycle? (4)
1. Oocyte released (Ovulation) 2. Rapid E2 decline 3. Surge of LH 4. Start of progesterone
48
What does the follicle become after oocyte release?
Corpus luteum
49
What happens during the luteal phase? (2)
1. follicle becomes corpus luteum 2. rise and fall of progesterone and E2
50
Phase where follicle becomes corpus luteum and rise and fall of progesterone and E 2 happens
Luteal phase
51
Most potent estrogen
Estradiol
52
What regulates ovarian cycle?
Anterior pituitary hormones
53
What hormone production varies over ovarian cycle?
Steroid hormones
54
Phase that is day 0-5 of uterine cycle
Menstral phase
55
Phase that is day 5-14 of uterine cycle
Proliferative phase
56
Phase that is day 14-28 of uterine cycle
Secretory phase
57
Occurs during proliferative phase
Growth of endometrium directed by E2
58
Occurs during secretory phase (3)
1. Rapid growth of endometrium 2. Growth of spiral arteries 3. Development of glycogen pits, progesterone mediated
59
Occurs during menstral phase (2)
1. loss of uterine endometrium 2. coincident with decrease of progesterone and E2
60
What does the two cell, two gonadotropin theory produce?
Estrogen
61
What acts on the thecal cell in two cell, two gonadotropin theory?
LH
62
What does the thecal cell produce?
Androgens, specifically DHEA
63
What acts on the Granulosa cell in two cell, two gonadotropin theory?
FSH
64
What enzyme causes the production of estrogen when androgens enter granulosa cells?
Aromatase
65
What two functions does estrogen have?
1. uterine endometrial growth 2. follicular growth
66
Why does a mature follicle rupture during ovulation?
High E2 causes surge of LH and FSH, LH weakens follicle structure
67
High progesterone speeds up uterine endometrial growth in this phase
secretory
68
Why does LH decline during luteal phase?
Negative feedback on ant pit and hypothalamus

Bio 116 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions