1
Q
Used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body
A
Anatomic reference systems
2
Q
4 anatomical references systems include:
A
Body planes; Body directions; Body cavities; Structural units
3
Q
When body parts work together to perform a related function, the are grouped together and are know as a ______.
A
body system
4
Q
anatomy
A
the study of the structures of the body
5
Q
physiology
A
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
6
Q
physi
A
nature or physical
7
Q
-ology
A
the study of
8
Q
Describe the anatomic position.
A
- Standing straight up so that the body is erect and facing forward. 2. Holding the arms at the sides with hands turned so that the palms face toward the front.
9
Q
Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes.
A
Body planes
10
Q
An up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon.
A
a vertical plane
11
Q
Name the 3 vertical planes
A
Sagittal plane, midsagittal plane, frontal plane
12
Q
sagittal plane
A
a vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions
13
Q
midsagittal plane
A
(aka midline) the sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves
14
Q
frontal plane
A
(aka coronal plane) a vertical plane that divides that body into anterior and posterior portions.
15
Q
A flat, crosswise plane
A
horizontal plane
16
Q
transverse plane
A
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions (can be at waise or any other level).
17
Q
ventral
A
the front, or belly side, or the organ or body
18
Q
dorsal
A
the back of the organ or body
19
Q
ventr
A
belly side of the body
20
Q
dors
A
back of the body
21
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
22
Q
anterior
A
situated in the front/ in front of (aka ventral)
23
Q
posterior
A
situated in the back/ in back of (aka dorsal)
24
Q
anter
A
front or before
25
-ior
pertaining to
26
poster
back or toward the back
27
superior
uppermost, above, or toward the head
28
inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the feet
29
cephalic
toward the head
30
cephal
head
31
-ic
pertaining to
32
caudal
toward the lower part of the body
33
caud
tail or lower part of the body
34
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
35
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
36
medial
the direction toward, or nearer, the midline
37
lateral
the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline.
38
bilateral
relating to, or having, two sides
39
The 2 major body cavities
Dorsal (back) & ventral (front)
40
The cavity which is located along the back of the body and head
dorsal
41
Cavity located within the skull that surrounds and protects the brain
cranial cavity
42
Cavity located within the spinal column that surrounds and protects the spinal cord
spinal cavity
43
Cavity which is located along the front of the body that contains the organs that sustain homeostasis
ventral cavity
44
homeostasis
the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
45
home/o
constant
46
-stasis
control
47
The 2 portions of the dorsal cavity
cranial and spinal cavity
48
The three portions of the ventral cavity
thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
49
Cavity aka chest cavity or thorax that surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
50
The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
51
the cavity that contains the major organs of digestion
abdominal cavity (or simply abdomen)
52
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the reproductive and excretory systems
pelvic cavity
53
The term that refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities together as a single unit
the abdominopelvic cavity
54
inguinal
relating to the groin
55
Term meaning below the ribs
hypochondriac
56
chondr/i
cartilage
57
hypo-
below
58
-ac
pertaining to
59
epi-
above
60
gastr
stomach
61
-ic
pertaining to
62
lumb
lower back
63
-ar
pertaining to
64
term that desribes the part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis
lumbar
65
the abdominothoracic regions that are covered by the lower ribs
right and left hypochondriac regions
66
the abdominothoracic region that is located above the stomach
epigastric region
67
the abdominothoracic regions that are located near the inward curve of the spine
right and left lumbar regions
68
the abdominothoracic region that surrounds the belly button or navel
umbilical region
69
the abdominothoracic regions that are located near the hip bones
right and left iliac regions
70
ili
hip
71
-ac
pertaining to
72
the abdominothoracic region that is below the stomach
hypogastric region
73
Term meaning divided into 4
quadrant
74
A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
75
The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
the parietal peritoneum
76
A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
the mesentary
77
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal cavity
the visceral peritoneum
78
What does retroperitoneal mean?
behind the peritoneum
79
retro-
behind
80
periton
peritoneum
81
-eal
pertaining to
82
The basic structural and functional units of the body
cells
83
cyt/o
cell
84
-ology
the study of
85
The study of cells
cytology
86
The tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment
cell membrane
87
The material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
cytoplasm
88
-plasm
formative material of cells
89
The structure within a cell that controls the activities of the cell and helps the cell divide
nucleus
90
Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
stem cells
91
The two types of stem cells
adult (or somatic) and embryonic stem cells
92
embry/o
fertilized ovum
93
-nic
pertaining to
94
gene
means producing
95
The two types of genes
dominant and recessive
96
The complete set of genetic information of an organism
genome
97
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell which contains DNA
chromosome
98
Somatic meaning
pertaining to the body in general
99
Any cell in the body except sex cells are called what?
somatic cells
100
Another name for sex cells
gametes
101
A change in the sequence of a DNA molecule
genetic mutation
102
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
genetic disorder
103
hist
tissue
104
A group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
tissue
105
The 4 main types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue
106
Forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body & forms glands
epithelial tissue
107
The specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
Epithelium
108
The specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
Endothelium
109
adip
fat
110
-ose
pertaining to
111
The 4 types of connective tissue
Dense connective tissue, adipose tissue, loose connective tissue, liquid connective tissue
112
The type of tissue that supports and connects organs and other body tissues.
Connective tissue
113
This type of tissue, such as bone and cartilage, forms the joints and framework of the body
dense connective tissue
114
This type of tissue provides protective padding, insulation, and support
adipose tissue
115
This type of tissue surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
loose connective tissue
116
This type of tissue, which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body.
liquid connective tissue
117
This type of tissue contains the cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
muscle tissue
118
This type of tissue contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
nerve tissue
119
a-
without
120
-plasia
formation
121
aplasia
the defective development, or congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
122
hypo-
deficient
123
hypoplasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
124
ana-
backward
125
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other, characteristic of tumor formation in cancers.
anaplasia
126
dys-
bad
127
the abnormal development or growth of cells
dysplasia
128
hyper-
excessive
129
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hyperplasia
130
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number, or cells in tissues, not due to tumor formation
hypertrophy
131
a group of specialized epithelial cells that are cable of producing secretions
gland
132
exo-
out of
133
-crine
to secrete
134
Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
exocrine glands
135
produce hormones, do not have ducts, and are secreted directly into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
136
aden
gland
137
a mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharynx
adenoids
138
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
139
adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in the glandular tissue
140
carcin
cancerous
141
-oma
tumor
142
adenoma
a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
143
adenomalacia
the abnormal softening of a gland
144
adenosis
any disease or condition of a gland
145
adenosclerosis
the abnormal hardening of a gland
146
adenectomy
the surgical removal of a gland
147
A somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
organ
148
Pathology
the study of disease
149
path/o
disease; suffering, feeling, emotion
150
-pathy
disease; suffering, feeling, emotion
151
A physician who specializes in lab analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
pathologist
152
eti-
cause
153
etiology
the study of the cause of diseases
154
pathogen
a disease-producing microorganism such as a virus
155
transmission
the spread of disease
156
contamination
a pathogen is probably present
157
epi-
above
158
demi/i
population
159
epidemiologist
a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
160
en-
within
161
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area (common cold)
162
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of disease within a population or area (measles)
163
pan-
entire
164
-ic
pertaining to
165
pandemic
an outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide (AIDS)
166
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified (ex. anxiety attack)
a functional disorder
167
An unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment. (ex. burns from radiation)
an iatrogenic illness
168
An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
infectious disease
169
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting (ex. MRSA)
nosocomial infection
170
Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body (ex. chickenpox)
organic disorder
171
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
172
anomaly
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
173
developmental disorder
aka birth defect
174
The congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
atresia
175
A physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU
intensivist
176
A physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients
hospitalist
177
tele
distant
178
-metry
to measure
179
idi/o
peculiar to the individual
180
An illness without know cause
idiopathic disorder
181
Holds a DO degree and uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation
Osteopath
Medical Terminology for Health Professions
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