Flashcards in Chapter 2 - Matter and Change Deck (81):
0
What is mass
a measure of the amount of matter the object contains
1
what is volume
a measure of the space occupied by the object
2
what is extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
3
intensive property
a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample
4
substance
matter that has a uniform and definite composition
5
physical property
a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition
6
solid
a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
7
liquid
a form of matter that has a definite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume
8
gas
a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container
9
vapor
the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
10
physical change
some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
11
What are properties used to describe matter?
extensive or intensive
12
Since every sample of a substance has the same composition?
every sample has identical intensive properties
13
three states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
14
How can you classify physical change?
reversible or irreversible
15
What is a mixture
a physical blend of two or more components
16
How can mixtures be classified based on the distribution of their components?
heterogeneous or homogeneous
17
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture in which the composition is not uniform
18
homogeneous mixture
mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
19
another name for homogeneous mixture
solution
20
phase
any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
21
What can differences in physical properties be used for?
separating mixtures
22
filtration
the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
23
distillation
liquid is boiled to produce vapor that is then condensed into liquid to separate water from other components
24
element
the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
25
compound
a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
26
Which can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means? compounds or elements
compounds
27
chemical change
a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
28
if the composition is fixed the material is
substance
29
if the composition of the material may vary, it is
a mixture
30
why do chemists use chemical symbols and chemical formulas
to represent elements
to represent compounds
31
each element is represented by a one or two letter.
chemical symbol
32
the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
chemical property
33
during a chemical change, the composition of matter...
always changes
34
what is another name for chemical change
chemical reaction
35
what happens in a chemical reaction
one or more substances change into one or more new substances
36
reactant
substance present at the start of the reaction
37
product
a substance produced in the reaction
38
clues to chemical change
transfer of energy
change in color
production of gas
formation of precipitate
39
precipitate
a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
40
during any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is
always equal to the mass of the reactants
41
law of conservation of mass
in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved
42
H
Hydrogen
43
He
Helium
44
Li
Lithium
45
Be
Beryllium
46
B
Boron
47
C
Carbon
48
N
Nitrogen
49
O
Oxygen
50
F
Fluorine
51
Ne
Neon
52
Helium
He
53
Fluorine
F
54
Nitrogen
N
55
Boron
B
56
Lithium
Li
57
Neon
Ne
58
Oxygen
O
59
Carbon
C
60
Beryllium
Be
61
Hydrogen
H
62
what are physical properties
boiling and melting points
hardness
color
conductivity
malleability
state
63
arrangement of particles in a solid
packed closely together in a rigid arrangement
64
arrangement of particles in a liquid
close together, but free to flow past one another
65
particle arrangement in a gas
relatively far apart and can move freely
66
example of an irreversible physical change
cutting hair
filing nails
cracking egg
67
example of reversible physical change
melting
68
What temperature does water boil at?
100 degrees C
69
What temperature does water freeze at?
0 degrees C
70
How can mixtures be separated?
distillation and filtration
71
examples of extensive properties
length
size
energy
mass
volume
72
examples of intensive properties
temperature
hardness
density
mass/volume
viscosity
melting point
boiling point
73
Which state of matter is compressible?
gas
74
What does distillation do?
separates homogeneous mixtures using boiling
75
property of compounds
compounds will not always carry the same properties and characteristics of their elements
76
what is a transfer of energy
release or absorb energy
77
what is matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
78
how to figure out if something is a substance or a mixture?
if there are different types of it, it is a mixture
79
words that signify a chemical change
burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, corrode
80