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MICRB 201 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the causative agent of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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2
Q

What is endotoxic shock?

A

drastic drop in blood pressure due to the release of endotoxins into the bloodstream by gram-negative bacteria

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3
Q

What is the causative agent of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis; a gram-positive, endospore-forming rod

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the B. anthracis tripartite toxin?

A

Edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor

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5
Q

How is sepsis treated?

A

Immediate therapy with a broad-spectrum antibiotic; treatment is narrowed after causative agent is identified

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6
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

System of vessels and organs that serves as a site for immune cell development and immune reactions

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7
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

A

prolonged treatment with doxycycline and amoxicillin

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8
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Bodily system consisting of the heart and blood vessels, which circulates blood throughout the body

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9
Q

How is Chagas disease diagnosed?

A

Blood smear, serological methods

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10
Q

What are the initial symptoms of lyme disease?

A

Stiff neck, swollen joints, malaise, fatigue

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11
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of sepsis?

A

Fever, altered mental state, shaking chills, gastrointestinal symptoms, increased breathing rate, respiratory alkalosis, low blood pressure

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12
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

blood smears

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13
Q

What are the causative agents of acute endocarditis?

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Pseduomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of endocarditis?

A

fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat, shortness of breath, chills, symptoms similar to myocardial infarction, abdominal/side pain

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Brucella bacteria?

A

tiny, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacilli

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16
Q

What is the causative agent of Cat-Scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

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17
Q

How is bubonic plague diagnosed?

A

Culture of organism, gram stain of bubo aspirate

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18
Q

What is the causative agent of bubonic plague?

A

Yersinia pestis; a tiny, gram-negative rod that looks like a saftey pin

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19
Q

How is brucellosis treated?

A

Combination of doxycycline and gentamicin or rifampin

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20
Q

How is lyme disease typically diagnosed?

A

Serum testing, knowledge of patient history/possible exposure

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21
Q

What is the most common Brucella bacterium to cause brucellosis?

A

B. melitensis

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22
Q

How is ehrlichiosis diagnosed?

A

PCR, indirect fluorescent antibody tests

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23
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute Q fever?

A

fever, chills, head and muscle ache, rash

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24
Q

What is babesiosis?

A

A disease similar to ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, but caused by a protozoan

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25
How can subacute endocarditis be prevented?
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in advance of surgical or dental procedures on at risk patients
26
What genus is HIV in?
Lentivirus
27
What are the acute symptoms of tularemia?
headache, backache, fever, chills, malaise, weakness, ulcerative skin lesions, swollen lymph glands, conjunctival inflammation, sore throat, intestinal disruption, pulmonary involvement
28
Where in/on the body can anthrax exhibit symptoms?
Skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system
29
What is the antibiotic of choice for treating acute endocarditis?
Vancomycin
30
How does B. burgdorferi evade the immune system?
By altering its surface antigens and evading antibodies produced by the host
31
What is a systemic infection?
An infection that is spread via the blood to multiple locations throughout the body
32
What is the gold standard of diagnosis for endocarditis?
Blood cultures
33
What is the causative agent of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (SFR)?
Rickettsia rickettsii
34
How is mono diagnosed?
differential blood count, "monospot" test
35
What is a bubo?
A swollen, necrotic lymph node lesion
36
What drug is currently recommended to treat malaria?
artemisinin
37
What are the three types of plague?
Pneumonic, bubonic, and septicemic
38
What is the causative agent of trench fever?
Bartonella quintana
39
How is lyme disease mainly transmitted?
By bites from hard ticks
40
What protozoan genus causes malaria?
Plasmodium
41
What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological changes, severe immune deregulation, hormone imbalances, metabolic disturbances, poor nutrient absorption, fever, sore throat, night sweats, rash, lymphadenopathy
42
What are the symptoms of SFR?
sustained fever, chills, headache, muscular pain, spotted rash
43
What is the term for someone who remains healthy despite HIV infection?
nonprogressor
44
What are the causative agents of subacute endocarditis?
Streptococcus sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mutans
45
What are the principal agents for bubonic plague transmission?
Fleas
46
What are the symptoms of Chagas disease?
fever, nausea, fatigue, "chagoma" swelling
47
What is the causative agent of tularemia?
Francisella tularensis; gram-negative bacterium
48
What drugs can be used for post-exposure prophylaxis treatment of tularemia?
Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin
49
What is endocarditis?
An infection of the valves of the heart, leading to inflammation of the endocardium
50
What is the typical treatment for tularemia?
Gentamicin or streptomycin
51
What are the signs/symptoms of bubonic plague?
fever, chills, headache, nausea, weakness, tenderness of the bubo
52
What characteristic is seen in all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever diseases?
All are RNA enveloped viruses
53
What virus caused AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
54
What are the signs/symptoms of malaria?
malaise, fatigue, vague aches, nausea, diarrhea, chills, fever, sweating
55
What is the gold standard for brucellosis diagnosis?
Blood culture
56
What drugs are used to treat CSD?
azithromycin, erythromycin, rifampin
57
What are the characteristics of B. burgdorferi?
large, spirochete bacterium with complex nutritional requirements
58
What are the symptoms of CSD?
papules at site of inoculation, swollen and pus-filled lymph nodes, high fever
59
What is the main way to diagnose sepsis?
Blood culture
60
How is anthrax diagnosed?
gram stain, culture on blood agar, direct fluorescent antibody testing, phage lysis tests
61
What are the characteristics of C. burnetii?
small, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacterium
62
What are the symptoms of trench fever?
high 5-6 day fever, leg pains, headache, chills, muscle ache, macular rash
63
What is the causative agent of Chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan
64
What genes do Y. pestis contain to help it cause disease?
A gene for capsule formation and a gene for plasminogen activation
65
How is SFR diagnosed?
fluorescent antibody staining of tissue biopsies
66
What is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
67
What are the characteristics of Bartonella bacteria?
small, gram-negative rods
68
What is the causative agent of lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
69
What vector carries trench fever?
Lice
70
What are the symptoms of ehrlichiosis?
headache, muscle pain, rigors
71
What is anaplasmosis?
A disease similar to ehrlichiosis, and caused by a similar bacterium
72
What are non-hemorrhagic fever diseases?
diseases characterized by high fever, but without hemorrhagic symptoms
73
What are the primary effects of HIV infection?
To harm T cells and the central nervous system
74
What are the symptoms of mono?
sore throat, high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, gray-white exudate in throat, rash, enlarged spleen and liver, fatigue
75
What are the symptoms of brucellosis?
undulating fever pattern, chills, profuse sweating, headache, muscle pain, weakness, weight loss
76
How is Q fever treated?
combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine
77
What is erythema migrans?
a bull's-eye shaped lesion that forms around the site of a tick bite
78
Why are people typically chronically infected with EBV?
The virus has a circular form of DNA that it can splice into host DNA
79
What are hemorrhagic fever diseases?
diseases that cause high fevers and internal hemorrhaging

MICRB 201 (15 decks)

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