Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MICRB 201 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What parts make up the urinary tract?

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What parts make up the male reproductive tract?

A

testes, epididymides, vas deferens, prostate gland, penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What parts make up the female reproductive tract?

A

uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bacterial species make up the normal biota of the urinary tract?

A

Streptococci, Staphylococci, Corynebacteria, Lactobacilli, Prevotella, Veillonella, Gardernerella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Infection of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Infection limited to the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A

pain, frequent urges to urinate even when bladder is empty, burning pain accompanying urination, cloudy urine, blood in the urine, low-grade fever, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the indicators of pyelonephritis?

A

back pain and high fever accompanying UTI symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the most common causes of community-acquired UTIs?

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the most common causes of catheter-associated UTIs?

A

E. coli, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs can be used to treat UTIs?

A

nitrofurantoin, phenazopyridine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is leptospirosis?

A

a zoonosis that can affect the kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two phases of leptospirosis?

A

leptospiremic phase and immune phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of leptospirosis in the leptospiremic phase?

A

sudden high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of leptospirosis in the immune phase?

A

milder fever, headache, Weil’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of leptospires?

A

spirochete bacteria marked by tight, regular, individual coils with a bend or hook at one or both ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted?

A

through contact of skin abrasions and mucous membranes with infected animal urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is leptospirosis treated?

A

Early treatment can be done with doxycycline; penicillin G of ceftriaxone can be used for delayed/severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of urinary schistomiasis?

A

itchiness in area where helminth entered body, fever, chills, diarrhea, cough, urinary tract infection symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which schistome causes urinary schistomiasis?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is vaginitis?

A

Inflammation of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the symptoms of vaginitis?

A

vaginal itching, burning, discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most common causative agent of vaginitis?

A

Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is vaginitis treated?

A

topical and oral azole drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis?
vaginitis symptoms, white or green frothy discharge, premature labor, low-birthweight infants, infertility, prostate cancer in males
26
How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
sexual contact, communal bathing, public facilities, vertical transmission
27
How is Trichomonas vaginalis treated?
anti-protozoan drug metronidazole
28
What are the symptoms of vaginosis?
discharge, itching, fishy smell
29
What complications can result from vaginosis?
Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancies
30
What is the treatment for vaginosis?
oral or topical metronidazole or clindamycin
31
What is prostatitis?
inflammation of the prostate gland
32
what are the symptoms of prostatitis?
pain in the groin and lower back, frequent urge to urinate, difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, painful ejaculation; fever, chills, and flulike symptoms if acute
33
What is the treatment for prostatitis?
ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin
34
What is the causative agent of gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
35
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males?
urethritis, painful urination and yellowish discharge, scar tissue that can cause infertility
36
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in females?
mucopurulent or bloody vaginal discharge, painful urination
37
What complications of gonorrhea can occur in females?
Salpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tubes), pelvic inflammatory disease
38
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
Through sexual contact, or vertically from mother to infant
39
How is gonorrhea diagnosed?
PCR test, gram-staining
40
How is gonorrhea treated?
ceftriaxone and azithromycin; ertapenem for resistant strains
41
What are the symptoms of chlamydia in males?
urethritis, discharge, painful urination, epididymitis
42
What are the symptoms of chlamydia in females?
cervicitis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease
43
What is the causative agent of chlamydia?
C. trachomatis
44
How is chlamydia transmitted?
Through sexual contact and vertically
45
How is chlamydia diagnosed?
ELISA and PCR testing, direct fluorescent antibody testing, urine test, culturing
46
What treatment is used for chlamydia?
ceftriaxone or azithromycin
47
When is syphillis transmissible?
During the primary and secondary stages
48
What are the symptoms of primary syphillis?
appearance of hard chancre that begins as a small red bump that breaks down into a crater
49
What are the symptoms of secondary syphillis?
fever, headache, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, red/brown rash, hair loss
50
What are gummas?
painful, swollen, syphilitic tumors that develop during the tertiary stage of syphillis
51
What is the causative agent of syphillis?
Treponema pallidium
52
What are the characteristics of Treponema pallidium?
spirochete, thin, regularly coiled, gram-negative
53
How is syphilis diagnosed?
looking for bacterium in lesions or antibodies in patient's blood
54
How can syphilis be prevented?
Prophylactic long-lasting penicillin for those exposed, barrier protection (i.e. condoms)
55
What treatment is used for syphilis?
Penicillin G
56
What is Chancroid?
an ulcerative disease marked by the development of a soft chancre and swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes
57
What is the causative agent of chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
58
What treatment can be used for chancroid?
azithromycin and ceftriaxone
59
Which two viruses cause genital herpes?
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2
60
What are the symptoms of genital herpes?
vesicle appearance on the genitals, thighs, perineum, and buttocks; malaise; anorexia; fever; bilateral swelling and tenderness of the groin
61
Which HSV is associated with cold sores and fever blisters?
HSV-1
62
How are HSV 1 and 2 transmitted?
Direct contact with secretions containing the virus
63
How is genital herpes diagnosed?
Lesion appearance, PCR testing
64
Which drugs can be used to reduce viral shedding and decrease lesion frequency with genital herpes?
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
65
What are the causative agents of genital wart diseases?
human papillomaviruses
66
What are the symptoms of human papillomaviruses?
Genital wart growths, ranging from small, flat bumps to cauliflower-like masses
67
What are the major virulence factors for cancer-causing HPVs?
Oncogenes
68
How are HPVs transmitted?
Direct contact, autoinoculation
69
How are HPVs diagnosed?
PCR-based screening tests
70
How can HPVs be prevented?
Gardisil vaccine, pap smear screening
71
What is Molluscum contagiosum?
a condition caused by an unidentified virus in the Poxviridae family that takes the form of skin lesions and can be transmitted sexually
72
When is Group B Streptococcus colonization a problem?
When pregnant women give birth vaginally without being treated for the colonization

MICRB 201 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions