chapter 20 and 21

Question 1

certain segments of DNA

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

different forms of a gene

Answer 2

alleles

Question 3

one that has the ability to mask the expression of another

Answer 3

dominant allele

Question 4

one whose expression is masked by the dominant allele for the same trait

Answer 4

recessive allele

Question 5

an organism that has 2 identical alleles

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

organism that has 2 different alleles

Answer 6

heterzygous

Question 7

precise set of alleles a person possess for a given trait

Answer 7

genotype

Question 8

observable physical trait or traits

Answer 8

phenotype

Question 9

discovered laws of heredity

Answer 9

mendelian genetics

Question 10

letters

Answer 10

genotype

Question 11

individuals observable traits - height, eye color, blood type

Answer 11

phenotype

Question 12

chart showing the genetic connections between individuals in a family

Answer 12

pedigrees

Question 13

any chromosomes other than a sex chromosome

Answer 13

autosome

Question 14

normal allele (a) is recessive and those with the alleles AA or Aa have the disorder

Answer 14

autosomal dominant

Question 15

normal allele (A) is dominant and only those with the alleles aa have the disorder

Answer 15

autosomal recessive

Question 16

Aa appear normal but can have a child with the disorder

Answer 16

carriers

Question 17

marfan syndrome

Answer 17

autosomal dominant disorder

Question 18

abnormal connective tissue

Answer 18

marfan syndrome

Question 19

weakened brittle bones

Answer 19

osteogensis imperfecta

Question 20

osteogensis imperfecta

Answer 20

autosomal dominant disorder

Question 21

neurological disease

Answer 21

huntington disease

Question 22

high cholesterol

Answer 22

familial cholesterolemia

Question 23

huntington disease

Answer 23

autosomal dominant disorder

Question 24

huntington disease

Answer 24

autosomal dominant

Question 25

premature aging

Answer 25

progeria

Question 26

progeria

Answer 26

autosomal dominant

Question 27

very thick mucus in bronchial tubes and pancreatic ducts

Answer 27

cystic fibrosis

Question 28

cystic fibrosis

Answer 28

autosomal recessive

Question 29

albinism

Answer 29

autosomal recessive

Question 30

sickle cell anemia

Answer 30

autosomal recessive

Question 31

when there are more than 2 possible for a particular trait

Answer 31

multiple alleles

Question 32

both expressed when both present

Answer 32

codominant

Question 33

shown when heterozygote has intermediate phenotype between dominant and recessive homozygous

Answer 33

incomplete dominance

Question 34

when a trait is controlled by 2 or more genes and each dominant allele has an additive effect to the phenotype

Answer 34

polygenic inheritance

Question 35

XX

Answer 35

female

Question 36

XY

Answer 36

male

Question 37

determines sex of baby

Answer 37

male

Question 38

has some genes on it that are unrelated to a gender

Answer 38

X chromosome

Question 39

carries very few genes

Answer 39

Y chromosome

Question 40

get 1 X chromosome and if they get recessive gene they show disorder

Answer 40

male

Question 41

color blindness

Answer 41

X-linked disorder

Question 42

muscular dystrophy

Answer 42

X-linked disorder

Question 43

hemophilia

Answer 43

X-linked disorder

Question 44

tests are available to detect or predict some genetic disorders

Answer 44

detecting genetic disorder

Question 45

long needle inserted into abdomen to collect some amniotic fluid with living cells floating in it

Answer 45

amniocentesis

Question 46

small amount of tissue containing part of the placenta is removed and analyzed for genetic abnormalities

Answer 46

chorionic villi sampling

Question 47

blood test in newborns routinely to screen for

Answer 47

pku

Question 48

may predictive genetic tests now available or being developed; blood tests

Answer 48

adult genetic testing

Question 49

permanent change in the sequence of bases in DNA

Answer 49

gene mutation

Question 50

what can gene mutations be from

Answer 50

change/swap in a single DNA nucleotide inserted base deleted base

Question 51

example of gene mutation

Answer 51

sickle cell anemia- just one amino acid swapped in the hemoglobin protein

Question 52

manipulation of genetic material for human purposes

Answer 52

genetic engineering

Question 53

recombinant DNA contains DNA from 2 or more different sources

Answer 53

recombinant dna

Question 54

e. coli is used to produce what

Answer 54

human insulin for diabetics

Question 55

why is e. coli used in recombinant DNA

Answer 55

using an enzyme to cut an opening into bacterial DNA and inserting a human gene into it

Question 56

used to create copies of segments of DNA quickly in a test tube

Answer 56

polymerase chain reaction

Question 57

what are new copies of DNA fingerprinting used for

Answer 57

``` identifying and convicting criminals identifying bodies paternity suits detecting genetic disorders even recognizing illegally poached ivory and whale meat ```

Question 58

genetic engineering

Answer 58

environmental- oil eating microbes for oil spills livestock- vaccines for animals pharmaceuticals- edible vaccines for hepatitis B- in bananas agriculture- higher yields

Question 59

used to cure genetic diseases

Answer 59

gene therapy

Question 60

method of gene therapy

Answer 60

gene is inserted into cells that have been removed and then returned to the body

Question 61

diseases of gene therapy

Answer 61

SCID, AIDS, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis

Question 62

study of our complete genetic makeup

Answer 62

genomics

Question 63

how long did it take for genomics

Answer 63

13 yr effort completed in 2003

Question 64

whats the purpose of genomics

Answer 64

discovered the order of the base pairs in human DNA

Question 65

what did genomics determine

Answer 65

humans have 20,000-25,000 genes that code for proteins

Question 66

base pairs of rna

Answer 66

adenine-uracil | cytosine-guanine