Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 107 > Chapter 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards

(114 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic

A

pro- simpler and smaller; primarily bacteria

euk-cells of all other organisms including animals; contain organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

example of prokaryotic cell

A

bacteria e.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

example of eukaryotic cell

A

all other organisms including animals- human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 major components of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain the unique arrangements of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer-hydrophilic heads (face outside the cell where theres a watery solution); hydrophobic tails-away from water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the locations of proteins found in plasma membrane

A

interspersed in bilayer; some span bilayer completely and some are attached to inner or outer surface of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list and describe functions of the plasma membrane

A 
maintains structural integrity of cell
regulates movement of substances into and out of cell
recognition between cells
communication between cells
sticks cells together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define selectively permeable

A

allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

random movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

A

simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration to a region of lower concentration with the aid of a membrane protein

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type of diffusion in which h2o moves across a membrane from a region of higher h2o concentration to a region of lower h20 concentration

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

movement of substances across membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration with the aid of a protein carrier and energy (ATP)

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

movement when cell engulfs substance

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

movement when large substances leave cell

A

exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cell eating

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cell drinking

A

pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

differences between active and passive transport

A

passive- doesn’t require energy; moves molecules with conc (high to low)
active- needs energy; moves molecules against concentration (low to high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 means of transport that requires protein carriers

A

facilitated diffusion and active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 requirements of active transport

A

needs aid of a carrier protein and needs energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport in regards to the direction of movement

A

facilitated- (high to low)

active-(low to high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell

A

hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell

A

isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

one with a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell

A

hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when rbc in hypertonic

A

h2o moves out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
when rbc in hypotonic
h2o moves into cell
26
when rbc in isotonic
h2o moves into and out of cell equally; no net movement
27
jellylike solution inside cell
cytoplasm
28
contains genetic info that is passed on from generation to generation
nucleus
29
separates the nucleus from cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
30
openings in the nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
31
region in nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced
nucleolus
32
primarily DNA; condenses and coils up just before cell division
chromatin
33
system of interconnecting membrane channels
endoplasmic reticulum
34
studded with ribosomes
rough er
35
function-protein synthesis
rough er
36
detoxification of alcohol and other drugs
smooth er
37
function: lipid synthesis- fats and steroids
smooth er
38
set of interconnected , flattened membranous sacs
golgi complex
39
function of the golgi complex
receives protein filled vesicles from er modifies proteins via enzymes in golgi produces lysosomes and vesicles secretes substances out of cell through membrane
40
contains digestive enzymes and destroy nonfunctional organelles
lysosomes
41
made by rough er and processed in golgi
lysosomes
42
number varies with function and energy needs of cell
mitchondria
43
"powerhouse" of the cell
mitchondria
44
complex network of fibers within cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
45
3 types of cytoskeleton
microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments
46
short and numerous
cilia
47
function: move cell
flagella
48
long- usually just one
flagella
49
sweep "stuff"
cilia
50
cellular respiration equation
C6H1206 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + energy
51
contraste chromatin and chromosomes
DNA within nucleus as long, thin threads- chromatin | when preparing to divide, DNA becomes highly coiled and condensed -chromosomes
52
how many chromosomes do human cells have
46 chromosomes - 23 pairs
53
mircotubules- cytoskeleton
thickest; straight hollow rods
54
microfilament- cytoskeleton
thinnest; solid rods of protein
55
intermediate filaments- cytoskeleton
helps maintain cell shape; anchor certain organelles in place
56
how do our body cells get energy
from food Digestive system breaks complex polymers down into monomers-simple molecules absorbed- carried to our cells- some used to make ATP
57
the breakdown of glucose without O2
fermentation
58
difference between cellular respiration and fermentation
cellular- requires O2 | fermentation- doesn't
59
name of C6H12O6
D-glucose
60
4 phases of cellular respiration
glycolysis transition reaction citric acid cycle electron transport chain
61
where does glycolysis occur in the cell
cytoplasm
62
where does transition reaction occur in the cell
mitochondria
63
where does citric acid cycle occur in the cell
mitochondria
64
where does electron transport chain occur in the cell
mitochondria
65
total yield of ATP for cellular respiration and fermentation
c.r.- 36 ATP | fer-2 ATP glucose
66
which is more energy efficient- cellular respiration or fermentation
cellular respiration
67
how many ATP are formed throughout the process of cellular respiration
36 atp
68
during what parts of cellular respiration were they made
2 during glycolysis, 2 during citric acid cycle, 32 during ETC
69
what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic
aerobic- oxygen is required | anaerobic- oxygen is not required
70
what happens to CO2 that is made during cellular respiration
diffused out of cells into blood and taken to lungs to be exhaled
71
since not all of glucose energy is used to make atp what happens to the rest of the energy
the rest is lost as heat
72
explain the condition in which fermentation occurs
process stops at end of glycolysis
73
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
in body
74
when does lactic acid fermentation occur
we make lactic acid in our muscles cells when theres not enough O2 to make more ATP
75
lactic acid builds up in muscles
cramping
76
when O2 is finally available
lactic acid is transported to liver and converted to continue on in the aerobic cellular respiration process
77
turner syndrome
xo
78
klinefelter syndrome
xxy
79
triple x syndrome
xxx
80
jacob syndrome
xyy
81
example of prokaryotic cell
bacteria
82
example of eukaryotic cell
all other organisms, including animals
83
2 major components of the plasma membrane
phospholipid
84
the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration to a region of lower concentration with the aid of a membrane protein
facilitated diffusion
85
list the 2 means of transport that require a protein carrier
active and facilitated diffusion
86
explain the relationship between the rough er, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes
rough er does protein synthesis-golgi receives protein filled vesicles from er-produces lysosomes and vesicles.
87
set of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs
golgi complex
88
cellular energy is in what form
ATP
89
the purpose of cellular respiration
break down carbohydrates and sugars in order to use the energy stored in them (ATP) the energy currency of the cell-----make ATP
90
purpose of fermentation
breakdown glucose without oxygen
91
where does the carbohydrates and oxygen of cellular respiration come from
carbs from glucose | oxygen from body
92
contains genetic info that is passed on from generation to generation
nucleus
93
openings in the nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
94
allow communication between nucleus and cytoplasm
nuclear pores
95
region in nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced
nucleolus
96
where amino acids are assembled into proteins
ribosomes
97
found in two forms:freely in cytoplasm or attached to rough er
ribosomes
98
secretes substances out of cell through membrane
golgi complex
99
made by rough er and processed in the golgi complex
lysosomes
100
contains digestive enzymes
lysosomes
101
digest ingested materials and destroy nonfunctional organelles
lysosomes
102
converts carbs to atp through cellular respiration
mitochondria
103
complex network of fibers within cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
104
when does fermentation occur
when there is no oxygen and process stops at end of glycolysis
105
nuclear division that results in identical body cells
mitosis
106
nuclear division that creates gametes
meiosis
107
cytoplasm division
cytokinesis
108
used for diagnostic purposes to check for irregularities in number or structure of chromosomes
karyotypes
109
type of nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number from diploid number to haploid number
meiosis
110
meiosis I results in what
2 daughter cells each with one set of chromosomes
111
exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids
crossing over
112
trisomy 21
down syndrome
113
meiosis in male and results in 4 sperm
spermatogenesis
114
meiosis in female and results in 1 egg and 3 nonfunctional polar bodies
oogensis

Biology 107 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions