Chapter 2.1

Question 1

Is there an infinite amount of water in the biosphere?

Answer 1

No, there is a limited amount but it is recycled naturally

Question 2

What is transpired?

Answer 2

When water is lost to the atmosphere through the pores of a plants leaves called stomata

Question 3

What is evapotranspiration?

Answer 3

The combined evaporation and transpiration from a terrestrial area

Question 4

What process is water a product of?

Answer 4

Cellular respiration

Question 5

What results in the production of water during cellular respiration?

Answer 5

The breakdown of glucose

Question 6

What makes up the metabolism?

Answer 6

All the chemical reaction that occur within an organism

Question 7

What is the water produced in cellular respiration called?

Answer 7

Metabolic water

Question 8

Where are the hydrogen and oxygen atoms that make up metabolic water found?

Answer 8

Glucose and atmospheric oxygen gas

Question 9

What is the biogeochemical cycles?

Answer 9

The route that water and other chemical nutrients take through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere

Question 10

What percentage of water in the biosphere exists as liquid form and why?

Answer 10

97% This is due to waters very high boiling point

Question 11

Where does the water that is found in gas form in the atmosphere come from?

Answer 11

Evaporation and evapotranspiration. Mostly from the oceans

Question 12

Why is water vapor considered a greenhouse gas?

Answer 12

It traps and transfers heat in the atmosphere

Question 13

How does water transfer heat to the poles?

Answer 13

Radiant energy from the sun heats water from oceans and evaporates it. As the vapor rises towards the poles it releases heat as it cools

Question 14

How is heat transferred by liquid water?

Answer 14

Ocean currents transfer warm water to colder parts. The warm water can heat the air causing a change in temperature

Question 15

What properties make water an excellent carrier of dissolved minerals?

Answer 15

• Water is a universal solvent
• Water has a relatively high boiling and melting point
• Water has special adhesive and cohesive properties
• Water has a high heat capacity

Question 16

What does a water molecule consist of?

Answer 16

Two hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one oxygen atom

Question 17

What is the charge of the hydrogen end of a water molecule? Oxygen end?

Answer 17

Slightly positive

Slightly Negative

Question 18

What do the charges on water molecules make it?

Answer 18

Polar

Question 19

What kind of bond does the polarity of a water molecule allow it to make?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 20

A weak attraction between the hydrogen of one molecule and oxygen of a nearby molecule

Question 21

What does the structure of water enable it to do?

Answer 21

Enables it dissolve a wide variety of substances (ionic and molecular)

Question 22

What does hydrogen bonding explain?

Answer 22

Why water remains liquid over a large temperature range and why water can continue to dissolve and transport substances over a large temperature range

Question 23

Why do hydrogen bonds form, break free, and re bond regularly?

Answer 23

Because individual hydrogen bonds are relatively weak

Question 24

Why is a large amount of energy needed to break many bonds in water?

Answer 24

Because many hydrogen bonds together are strong

Question 25

Why does ice float on water?

Answer 25

Because when the hydrogen bonds freeze they expand into a crystalline structure making the ice less dense than the water causing it to float

Question 26

What happens when ice melts?

Answer 26

The crystal structure begins to break down and the loosened molecules pack more closely together and fill in spaces in the collapsing sold structure (increasing density)

Question 27

What is the highest density of water?

Answer 27

1 kg/L at 4° C

Question 28

What happens when water falls into spaces between rocks and soil and freezes?

Answer 28

It expands and unlocks nutrients

Question 29

How does ice provide refuge for aquatic life?

Answer 29

The ice on top insulated aquatic life

Question 30

What is Cohesion?

Answer 30

The attraction of water molecules to each other created by hydrogen bonding

Question 31

What is responsible for surface tension?

Answer 31

Cohesion

Question 32

What is Adhesion?

Answer 32

The attraction of water molecules to other substances

Question 33

What kind of forces does adhesion provide?

Answer 33

An upward force with water and counteracts the forces of gravity

Question 34

What explains transpiration in plants?

Answer 34

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 35

What is heat capacity?

Answer 35

A measure of the amount of heat a substance can absorb or release for a given change in temperature

Question 36

How is energy and changes in temperature related in water

Answer 36

Substances with high heat capacities require large amounts of energy to create temperature change. Which is why water heats up slowly and holds temperature longer

Question 37

How does the property of the ability to hold large amounts of heat aid organisms?

Answer 37

Organisms with a lot of water in their tissues can maintain high temperature because of this property in water

Question 38

How do organisms gain water?

Answer 38

Eating, drinking and absorbing water through their skin. Also through cellular respiration

Question 39

How do organisms lose water?

Answer 39

Through breathing and sweating and urine and feces

Question 40

What are the 2 largest natural disasters in Canada?

Answer 40

Droughts in the prairie provinces

Question 41

Why is water quality an issue?

Answer 41

Water cannot be considered useful if it cannot cleaned of chemicals

Question 42

What happens when water is scarce?

Answer 42

Plants close their stomata to stop transpiration but this also stops photosynthetic activity. because of no carb dioxide

Question 43

What happens to trees when there is a drought?

Answer 43

Their roots dig deeper to access water