Chapter 3.2

Question 1

What is an estimate of the total number of species in the world?

Answer 1

Between 10 million and 100 million

Question 2

What is Taxonomy?

Answer 2

The practice of classifying living things

Question 3

What was the very first classification of organisms?

Answer 3

Aristotle who put them into groups called Kingdoms. Which later went on to be kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia

Question 4

What caused the classification system to change from Aristotle?

Answer 4

The invention of rudimentary microscopes. The discovery of cells forced scientists to reconsider classification

Question 5

What did German biologist Ernst Haeckel do?

Answer 5

He added a new kingdom for classifying organisms that were neither plants or animals. Called Protista

Question 6

What group did Protista represent?

Answer 6

Organisms that were neither plants or animals

Question 7

What are the 6 kingdoms of life?

Answer 7

Archaea (Archaebacteria)
Bacteria (Eubacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 8

What do Kingdom Archaea and Kingdom Bacteria have in common?

Answer 8

They both consist of single celled organisms that lacked a nucleus

Question 9

What is special about kingdom bacteria?

Answer 9

They are very diverse and can exist in a wide range of habitats

Question 10

What is special about Archaebacteria?

Answer 10

There is a special group that is capable of living in extreme conditions

Question 11

What do Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista have in common?

Answer 11

They have cells that have a nuclei and are called eukaryotes. They can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 12

Which kingdoms have cells that have nuclei?

Answer 12

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

Question 13

What are organisms in kingdom Protista called?

Answer 13

Protists

Question 14

What type of organisms do kingdom protista have?

Answer 14

They can be unicellular or multicellular. Some photosynthesise and some ingest food

Question 15

What is a common example of protista?

Answer 15

Algae

Question 16

How do organisms in kingdom Fungi obtain their food?

Answer 16

By secreting digestive enzymes onto their food source and absorbing molecules that are released from the enzymes

Question 17

Why were Fungi once considered plants?

Answer 17

• Because they are sessile (Do not move)

- And they have chloroplasts but do not photosynthesize

Question 18

What type of cells can Fungi be?

Answer 18

Unicellular and Multi cellular

Question 19

What are examples of Fungi?

Answer 19

Mushrooms, moulds, and yeasts

Question 20

What type of organisms do Kingdom Plantae include?

Answer 20

Organisms that synthesize and makes their own food

Question 21

What type of organisms are include in Kingdom Animalia?

Answer 21

Organisms that ingest their food and are motile

Question 22

Which kingdoms have plants with specialized cells?

Answer 22

Plantae and Animalia

Question 23

What is the level of classification above kingdoms?

Answer 23

Domains

Question 24

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 24

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 25

What are domains based on?

Answer 25

The cellular composition of organisms

Question 26

What domains are the smallest and simplest type of cells without a nucleus?

Answer 26

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 27

What did bacteria and archaea used to be and what are they now?

Answer 27

They used to be kingdoms, now they are domains

Question 28

What kingdoms are under the domain Eukaryotes?

Answer 28

Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants

Question 29

What is the broadest category of classification?

Answer 29

Domain

Question 30

Who divided each kingdom into smaller and smaller groups?

Answer 30

Linnaeus

Question 31

What are the groups that linnaeus created based?

Answer 31

Physical characteristics

Question 32

What are the groups that linnaeus created?

Answer 32

``` Domain Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 33

What is used when naming organisms?

Answer 33

Their Genus (with a capital first letter) and the Species (all lowercase)

Question 34

What do Identification keys use to describe organisms?

Answer 34

Observable characteristics

Question 35

What are Dichotomous keys arranged in?

Answer 35

Steps with 2 statements at each step