Chapter: 5.1

Question 1

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 1

They trap the suns energy and convert it to chemical energy

Question 2

Where is the sun’s energy stored in plants?

Answer 2

It is stored in carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the byproducts of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Oxygen, ATP molecules, and heat

Question 4

How the energy rich molecules from photosynthesis used after they are made?

Answer 4

Some are used immediately, some are stored for future use

Question 5

How are molecules stored if not being used from after being produced in plants?

Answer 5

As starched or converted to fat

Question 6

What happens in the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 6

Mitochondria within cells break down carbohydrates to generate molecules of ATP

Question 7

What processes does ATP supply energy for?

Answer 7

• Active Transport
• Moving chromosomes for cell division
• Causing cilia and flagella to move
• Causing muscle to contract
• Synthesizing compounds

Question 8

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 8

When the bond to the third phosphate breaks, energy from ATP is released

Question 9

What is the compound called after a Phosphate breaks?

Answer 9

ADP

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Question 10

How is ATP regenerated?

Answer 10

By the addition of a phosphate that requires input of energy

Question 11

What makes plants green?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll

Question 12

Where is chlorophyll contained?

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

What is the fluid in the inner space of a chloroplast called?

Answer 13

Stroma

Question 14

What does stroma contain?

Answer 14

A concentrated mixture of proteins and other chemicals that are used in synthesis of carbohydrates

Question 15

What are thylakoids?

Answer 15

Interconnected flattened sacs within a chloroplast in which chlorophyll molecules are arranged

Question 16

What are the groups of Eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 16

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

Question 17

What types of cells contain mitochondria?

Answer 17

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 18

How big are mitochondria compared to chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Smaller

Question 19

What is the fluid filled space in mitochondria called?

Answer 19

The matrix

Question 20

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 20

Proteins and other chemicals needed to break down carbohydrates and other high energy molecules

Question 21

What are the folds in mitochondria called?

Answer 21

Cristae. They provide large surface area for the production of ATP

Question 22

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis used the product of cellular respiration as its starting reactants and cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis as its starting reactants

Question 23

How is the reaction of combustion similar to cellular respiration?

Answer 23

They are essentially the same reaction

Question 24

What happens in a metabolic pathway?

Answer 24

The product of one reaction become the reactant of another

Question 25

What does metabolism refer to?

Answer 25

All the chemical reactions that occur within cells to support and sustain life function

Question 26

What are the 2 categories of metabolism?

Answer 26

Anabolic and Catabolic

Question 27

What do anabolic pathways do?

Answer 27

Synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy

Question 28

What do catabolic pathways do?

Answer 28

Break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy

Question 29

What is used to activate metabolic pathways?

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

What are enzymes?

Answer 30

Specialized proteins that lower the energy needed to activate biological reactions

Question 31

What is oxidation?

Answer 31

When an atom or molecule loses an electron and is said to be oxidized

Question 32

What reduction?

Answer 32

When an atom or molecule gains an electron and is said to be reduced

Question 33

When do atoms or compounds contain more energy?

Answer 33

They contain more energy in their reduced form than their oxidized form

Question 34

What form are energy rich molecules in?

Answer 34

Their reduced form

Question 35

What is reducing power?

Answer 35

When molecules that in their reduced form, contain a large amount of available energy