Chapter 7.1

Question 1

What is oxygen vital to?

Answer 1

Cellular respiration

Question 2

What is the main function of the human respiratory system?

Answer 2

Ensure oxygen is brought to each cell in the body and carbon dioxide can leave each cell and be removed from the body

Question 3

What is the 1st main requirement for cellular respiration?

Answer 3

1) The surface area or (respiratory surface) must be large enough for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen to occur at fast enough rates to meet the body’s needs

Question 4

What is the 2nd main requirement for cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Respiration must take place in a moist environment so that oxygen and CO2 are dissolved in water

Question 5

What are the 2 basic processes in breathing?

Answer 5

Inspiration and expiration

Question 6

What does inspiration do?

Answer 6

Moves air from the external environment to lungs inside the body

Question 7

What does Expiration do?

Answer 7

Moves air from the lungs back to the external environment

Question 8

What is external respiration?

Answer 8

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood

Question 9

What is internal respiration?

Answer 9

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s tissue cells and the blood

Question 10

What are the lungs protected by?

Answer 10

The bone and muscular structure of the thoracic chest cavity

Question 11

What is the passage way that moves air from the external environment to the respiratory surface inside the body?

Answer 11

The respiratory tract

Question 12

Was is the purpose of the nasal passages?

Answer 12

They serve to warm, moisten and clean incoming air

Question 13

What are the nasal passages lined with?

Answer 13

Ciliated cells

Question 14

How do the nasal passages clean air?

Answer 14

Cells secrete mucus which cleans air by trapping bacteria and dust

Question 15

How do the ciliated cells work?

Answer 15

They move foreign particles back up the nose and throat so they can be expelled by coughing or sneezing

Question 16

What bones project into the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

Turbinate bones

Question 17

What is the function of turbinate bones?

Answer 17

They increase the SA of the nasal passages and are covered with cilia to catch and remove air particles

Question 18

What are the turbinate bones and the rest of the lining of the nasal passages covered with?

Answer 18

A thin membrane that secretes mucus and is well supplied with blood vessels

Question 19

What warms and moistens the air as it passes through the nasal cavity?

Answer 19

Heat from blood vessels and mucus in the nasal cavity

Question 20

Why is the warming and moistening of the air necessary?

Answer 20

To protect the delicate structures in the lower respiratory tract

Question 21

What is the pharynx commonly known as?

Answer 21

The throat

Question 22

What is the pharynx used for?

Answer 22

It is the passageway for air into the respiratory system and for food and water in the digestive system

Question 23

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 23

A flap of cartilage that lies behind the tongue and in form of the larynx

Question 24

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 24

To cover the area of the trachea called the glottis when a person swallows

Question 25

What position is the epiglottis at when it is at rest?

Answer 25

It is upright and allows air to pass unobstructed

Question 26

What is another name for the larynx?

Answer 26

The voice box

Question 27

What is the larynx made out of and what does it contain?

Answer 27

It is made from cartilage and contain vocal chords

Question 28

How does the larynx act when you breath normally?

Answer 28

There is a large gap between your vocal chords

Question 29

How does the larynx act when you speak?

Answer 29

Muscles around the larynx contract and vocal chords are drawn together and as air passes through the narrow space is causes the vocal cords to vibrate and make a sound

Question 30

What kind of sound do longer vocal cords make?

Answer 30

A lower sound

Question 31

What kind of sound do shorter vocal cords make?

Answer 31

A higher sound

Question 32

Where does air go after it passes through the larynx?

Answer 32

It moves through the trachea

Question 33

What is the trachea strengthened by?

Answer 33

Semicircular , cartilaginous arches that prevent it from collapsing. The open part faces the esophagus allowing it to expand

Question 34

What does the trachea branch into?

Answer 34

2 smaller passageways called bronchi that enter the right and left lungs

Question 35

What does each bronchi subdivide into?

Answer 35

Smaller finer tubes called bronchioles within the lungs

Question 36

What supports the bronchus?

Answer 36

C shaped cartilage rings that surround and are a part of the bronchus wall. Bronchioles don't have these rings

Question 37

What is the function of the cartilage rings around the bronchi?

Answer 37

They are stacked one on top of the next providing support

Question 38

What are both the bronchi and the bronchioles lined with?

Answer 38

Cilia and mucus producing cells

Question 39

What does the mucus do in the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 39

Captures foreign molecules like microscopic pollutants and pathogens

Question 40

What do the cilia do in the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 40

They move the foreign particles into the upper respiratory tract so they can be ejected or swallowed

Question 41

What are the regions that lungs are divided into called?

Answer 41

Lobes

Question 42

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 42

3

Question 43

How many lungs does the left lung have?

Answer 43

2 to leave room for the heart

Question 44

What is each lobe made of?

Answer 44

Lobules that extend from each bronchiole

Question 45

What is each lung surrounded by?

Answer 45

A thin double layered membrane called the pleural membrane

Question 46

What does the outer layer of the pleural membrane attach to?

Answer 46

The inside of the chest wall

Question 47

What does the inner layer of the pleural membrane attach to?

Answer 47

The lung

Question 48

what fills the space between the double layer of the pleural membrane?

Answer 48

Fluid fills the space so they can adhere to each other like 2 paper place with water between them

Question 49

What is the function of the pleural layer membranes?

Answer 49

They connect the lungs to the thoracic cavity enabling them to expand and contract with movement of the chest

Question 50

What does each bronchiole end with?

Answer 50

A cluster of tiny sacs called alveoli

Question 51

What takes place within the alveoli?

Answer 51

The actual exchange of gasses during external respiration

Question 52

What is each alveolus enclosed by?

Answer 52

A membrane called the alveolar wall

Question 53

What are the characteristics of the alveolar wall?

Answer 53

It is one cell thick and surrounded by a network of capillaries

Question 54

What are capilliaries?

Answer 54

Tiny blood vessels (with walls one cell thick) that link arteries with veins

Question 55

What is the arrangement of bronchioles and alveoli kept constant by?

Answer 55

Connective tissue that fills the space between them

Question 56

What are alveoli lined with?

Answer 56

A lubricating film that helps to keep them from collapsing and prevents their side from sticking together