Chapter 3

Question 1

Study technology for the brain

Answer 1

EEG
PET
MRI/fMRI
TMS

Question 2

neuroscience

Answer 2

the study of the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue, and how they relate to behavior and learning

Question 3

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 4

nerve cells in rest of body
1. somatic - voluntary
2. autonomic - automatic (breathing, blinking, etc)

Question 5

what is a neuron?

Answer 5

nerve cell
100-200 billion neurons
average neuron has between 1,000 - 10,000 connections

Question 6

somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 6

(PNS)
sensory and motor signals between nervous system and body

Question 7

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 7

(PNS)
transmits signals between the CNS and the body’s glands and internal organs

Question 8

sympathetic (PNS)

Answer 8

dilates pupils, relaxes bronchi, accelerates heartrate, constricts vessels
fight or flight

Question 9

parasympathetic (PNS)

Answer 9

contracts pupils, constricts bronchi, slows heartrate, dilates vessels
relax

Question 10

the endocrine system

Answer 10

communicates through hormones to influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions

Question 11

pituitary gland

Answer 11

base of hypothalamus, releases hormones
-growth hormones
-estrogens
-androgens

Question 12

how do neurons communicate?

Answer 12

powered by electrical impulses, and communicate through chemical signals
-reception
-integration
-transmission

Question 13

what are the different types of neurons?

Answer 13

sensory neurons - receive sensory input
motor neurons - direct muscle movement
interneurons - communicate within neurons

Question 14

dendrites

Answer 14

receive information

Question 15

nucleus

Answer 15

holds information for replication

Question 16

soma

Answer 16

(cell body)
processed information

Question 17

axon

Answer 17

sends info

Question 18

myelin sheath

Answer 18

protein bubble (coating)

Question 19

axon terminals

Answer 19

communicates information

Question 20

synapse

Answer 20

gap between neurons

Question 21

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 21

space between myelin sheaths

Question 22

action potential

Answer 22

electrical signal that passes down the axon when the neuron fires

Question 23

acetocholine

Answer 23

(ACh)
muscle control

Question 24

monoamines

Answer 24

regulate arousal, feelings, and motivation

Question 25

what are some examples of monoamines?

Answer 25

epinephrine - adrenaline
norepinephrine - vigilance, alertness
serotonin - emotion, impulse, dreaming, aggression
dopamine - motivation–reward

Question 26

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 26

main inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 27

glutamate

Answer 27

main excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 28

endorphins

Answer 28

pain relief/reward

Question 29

occipital lobes

Answer 29

in back of head
vision
visual cortex

Question 30

parietal lobes

Answer 30

touch/sensory
divided between cerebral hemispheres
connected by corpus callosum

Question 31

temporal lobes

Answer 31

auditory cortex
hearing

Question 32

frontal lobes

Answer 32

motor cortex
controls rational thought
responsible for sense of self and socialization

Question 33

cerebellum

Answer 33

Latin for little brain
motor function (learning, memory)
muscle movement
visual-auditory attention
eye-motor movement coordination

Question 34

corpus callosum

Answer 34

2 hemispheres of the brain
right side controls left side of body
left side controls right side of body

Question 35

how does the brain heal itself after an injury?

Answer 35

neuroplasticity
remapping - localization of functions shifts to new locations

Question 36

what is the difference between (biological) males and females

Answer 36

males - larger size, lateralized for language
females - better language processing between both hemispheres