Chapter 3: Central Nervous System Exam 2

Question 1

What does the central nervous system include?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

The bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called?

Answer 2

Tract

Question 3

The group of cell bodies in the central nervous system is called?

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

How does the central nervous system develop?

Answer 4

First develops as a hollow tube and then becomes the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 5

What does the central nervous system include?

Answer 5

brain, forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord

Question 6

What does the forebrain include?

Answer 6

The 2 brain hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalumus

Question 7

What are the ridges of the brain called?

Answer 7

gyrus

Question 8

What are the grooves of the brain called?

Answer 8

sulcus or fissure

Question 9

The outer matter of the cortex is called?

Answer 9

gray matter

Question 10

The inside matter of the cortex is called?

Answer 10

white matter

Question 11

What is the gray matter comprised of?

Answer 11

neuronal cell bodies

Question 12

What is the white matter comprised of?

Answer 12

myelinated axons

Question 13

What does the frontal lobe include?

Answer 13

precentral gyrus for motor/voluntary movement, Broca’s area for speech, and prefrontal cortex

Question 14

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 14

Behavior, judgment/impulses , personality, and movement

Question 15

What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged?

Answer 15

Lack of concentration/planning, impulsive behavior, and personality changes. Think about Phineas Gage

Question 16

What did lobotomies do? What part was damaged?

Answer 16

Damage to the prefrontal cortex, specifically the connections between the frontal lobe and thalamus. Lobotomies caused individuals to have little to no interest, lack in concentration, and lacked emotional responses.

Question 17

Where is the frontal lobe located?

Answer 17

Front of the head

Question 18

What does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 18

Parietal Lobe and Frontal Lobe

Question 19

What does the parietal lobe include?

Answer 19

The postcentral gyrus/somatosensory cortex(same thing) and association cortex

Question 20

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 20

Responsible for body movement/position, locating objects in space, and identifying objects by touch

Question 21

What happens if the parietal lobe is damaged?

Answer 21

If the parietal lobe is damaged a person will have difficulty navigating places even if they knew them

Question 22

What is posterior parietal cortex damage?

Answer 22

Neglect of objects, people, and activity on the right side. This condition usually goes unaware by person

Question 23

Where is the parietal lobe located?

Answer 23

Above lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and occipital lobe

Question 24

What does the temporal lobe include?

Answer 24

The auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, and inferior temporal cortex

Question 25

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 25

Language and auditory association areas, language comprehension, and visual identification

Question 26

What happens if the temporal lobe is damaged?

Answer 26

Not able to understand words, identify auditory sounds, and not able to identify and recognize people and familiar objects

Question 27

Where is the temporal lobe located?

Answer 27

By the lateral fissure between the frontal and parietal lobe

Question 28

What does the occipital lobe include?

Answer 28

visual cortex

Question 29

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 29

visual perception like color or movement

Question 30

What happens if the occipital lobe is damaged?

Answer 30

Failure to see the movement of objects and see objects in general

Question 31

Where is the occipital lobe located?

Answer 31

Back of the brain

Question 32

What is the thalamus responsible for?

Answer 32

Receives information from all sensory information except smell and sends to the brain

Question 33

Where is the thalamus located?

Answer 33

Below the lateral ventricles

Question 34

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 34

Emotions and motivations like feelings, feeding, temperature (F), and sex

Question 35

What is the pineal gland responsible for?

Answer 35

secrets melatonin

Question 36

What is the corpus callosum responsible for?

Answer 36

Connecting both hemipsheres together to ensure communication

Question 37

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 37

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid to cushion and protect the brain. Carries material from the blood vessels to the CNS and takes out waste.

Question 38

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 38

Too much cerebrospinal fluid

Question 39

What is the midbrain responsible for?

Answer 39

vision, movement, and audition

Question 40

What are the superior colliculi responsible for?

Answer 40

visual functions

Question 41

What is the inferior colliculi responsible for?

Answer 41

auditory functions

Question 42

What is the substantia nigra responsible for?

Answer 42

movement

Question 43

What happens if the substantia nigra is degenerated?

Answer 43

Parkinson's disease

Question 44

Is the VTA apart of the midbrain?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

What is the hindbrain made up of?

Answer 45

Medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 46

What is the medulla responsible for?

Answer 46

Functions of the medulla regulate many bodily activities, including heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. vomiting, sneezing, and coughing

Question 47

What is the pons responsible for?

Answer 47

Tear production, chewing, blinking, focusing vision, balance, hearing, and facial expression.

Question 48

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 48

Function is to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium

Question 49

Where do sensory neurons go through?

Answer 49

The dorsal root

Question 50

Where do the motor neurons go through

Answer 50

The ventral root

Question 51

What do the meninges do?

Answer 51

Cushions the brain and spinal cord with the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater(in this order).

Question 52

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 52

Limits toxins and neurotransmitters between the brain and bloodstream