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Psych 002 > Chapter 3: Central Nervous System Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Central Nervous System Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the central nervous system include?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

The bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called?

A

Tract

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3
Q

The group of cell bodies in the central nervous system is called?

A

nucleus

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4
Q

How does the central nervous system develop?

A

First develops as a hollow tube and then becomes the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

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5
Q

What does the central nervous system include?

A

brain, forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the forebrain include?

A

The 2 brain hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalumus

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7
Q

What are the ridges of the brain called?

A

gyrus

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8
Q

What are the grooves of the brain called?

A

sulcus or fissure

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9
Q

The outer matter of the cortex is called?

A

gray matter

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10
Q

The inside matter of the cortex is called?

A

white matter

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11
Q

What is the gray matter comprised of?

A

neuronal cell bodies

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12
Q

What is the white matter comprised of?

A

myelinated axons

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13
Q

What does the frontal lobe include?

A

precentral gyrus for motor/voluntary movement, Broca’s area for speech, and prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Behavior, judgment/impulses , personality, and movement

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15
Q

What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged?

A

Lack of concentration/planning, impulsive behavior, and personality changes. Think about Phineas Gage

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16
Q

What did lobotomies do? What part was damaged?

A

Damage to the prefrontal cortex, specifically the connections between the frontal lobe and thalamus. Lobotomies caused individuals to have little to no interest, lack in concentration, and lacked emotional responses.

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17
Q

Where is the frontal lobe located?

A

Front of the head

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18
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Parietal Lobe and Frontal Lobe

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19
Q

What does the parietal lobe include?

A

The postcentral gyrus/somatosensory cortex(same thing) and association cortex

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20
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Responsible for body movement/position, locating objects in space, and identifying objects by touch

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21
Q

What happens if the parietal lobe is damaged?

A

If the parietal lobe is damaged a person will have difficulty navigating places even if they knew them

22
Q

What is posterior parietal cortex damage?

A

Neglect of objects, people, and activity on the right side. This condition usually goes unaware by person

23
Q

Where is the parietal lobe located?

A

Above lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and occipital lobe

24
Q

What does the temporal lobe include?

A

The auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, and inferior temporal cortex

25
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Language and auditory association areas, language comprehension, and visual identification

26
Q

What happens if the temporal lobe is damaged?

A

Not able to understand words, identify auditory sounds, and not able to identify and recognize people and familiar objects

27
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

By the lateral fissure between the frontal and parietal lobe

28
Q

What does the occipital lobe include?

A

visual cortex

29
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

visual perception like color or movement

30
Q

What happens if the occipital lobe is damaged?

A

Failure to see the movement of objects and see objects in general

31
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

Back of the brain

32
Q

What is the thalamus responsible for?

A

Receives information from all sensory information except smell and sends to the brain

33
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

Below the lateral ventricles

34
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Emotions and motivations like feelings, feeding, temperature (F), and sex

35
Q

What is the pineal gland responsible for?

A

secrets melatonin

36
Q

What is the corpus callosum responsible for?

A

Connecting both hemipsheres together to ensure communication

37
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid to cushion and protect the brain. Carries material from the blood vessels to the CNS and takes out waste.

38
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Too much cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

What is the midbrain responsible for?

A

vision, movement, and audition

40
Q

What are the superior colliculi responsible for?

A

visual functions

41
Q

What is the inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

auditory functions

42
Q

What is the substantia nigra responsible for?

A

movement

43
Q

What happens if the substantia nigra is degenerated?

A

Parkinson’s disease

44
Q

Is the VTA apart of the midbrain?

A

Yes

45
Q

What is the hindbrain made up of?

A

Medulla, pons, and cerebellum

46
Q

What is the medulla responsible for?

A

Functions of the medulla regulate many bodily activities, including heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. vomiting, sneezing, and coughing

47
Q

What is the pons responsible for?

A

Tear production, chewing, blinking, focusing vision, balance, hearing, and facial expression.

48
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Function is to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium

49
Q

Where do sensory neurons go through?

A

The dorsal root

50
Q

Where do the motor neurons go through

A

The ventral root

51
Q

What do the meninges do?

A

Cushions the brain and spinal cord with the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater(in this order).

52
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A

Limits toxins and neurotransmitters between the brain and bloodstream

Psych 002 (13 decks)

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