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Psych 002 > Chapter 6: Motivation and Hunger Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Motivation and Hunger Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

Factors that sustain and direct behaviors

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2
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance within the body such as temperature, blood sugar, etc

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3
Q

Is motivation seen? Or is it in the brain?

A

Only seen and is not in the brain

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4
Q

What is the instinct theory of motivation?

A

All species have unlearned and automatic behavior

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5
Q

What is the drive theory motivation?

A

The body’s goal is to maintain homeostasis. If there is a drop then the body will seek for something to maintain balance again (or balance essentially)

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6
Q

What is the incentive theory of motivation?

A

When external stimuli are involved in order to gain something in return such as getting good grades in exchange for weekly allowance

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7
Q

What is the arousal theory of motivation?

A

Wanting to reach a certain level of satisfaction or feeling. Wanting to go do something or somewhere to reach a feeling

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8
Q

What is temperature regulated by?

A

The preoptic area of the hypothalamus

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9
Q

What are ectotherms?

A

Animals that cannot regulate their body temperature internally like lizards

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10
Q

What are endotherms?

A

Animals like mammals that keep their body temperature constant internally

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11
Q

What is osmotic thirst?

A

When the fluid content in cells decrease

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12
Q

What is hypovolemic thirst?

A

When blood volume drops due to extracellular water

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13
Q

What are the five tastes we detect?

A

salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami(meaty)

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14
Q

What is the reason for sweet?

A

carbohydrates

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15
Q

What is the reason for salty?

A

ions for neural transmission

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16
Q

What is the reason for sour?

A

spoiled or rotten food

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17
Q

What is the reason for bitter?

A

toxic chemicals

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18
Q

What is the reason for umami?

A

protein content

19
Q

Where do the signals for these tastes travel to?

A

The insula and the nucleus of the solitary tract

20
Q

What is sensory-specific satiety?

A

When one eats a food often to the point where it becomes unappealing

21
Q

What is learned taste aversion?

A

When one no longer wants a specific food due to association of bad experiences like illness

22
Q

What is learned taste preferences?

A

When one wants food due to needed nutrient

23
Q

What is the absorptive phase?

A

When the body lives off nutrients coming in from the digestive system. Blood glucose levels and insulin secretions rise, take up glucose then glycogen and stored in fat)

24
Q

What is the fasting phase?

A

When energy is restored. Lower glucose and insulin; Fat is broken down to acids

25
Q

What is glucoprivic?

A

Low glucose

26
Q

What is lipoprivic

A

Low fatty acids

27
Q

When is ghrelin released?

A

When the stomach empties and one is hungry

28
Q

How is eating initiated?

A

Eating is initiated by the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamus

29
Q

What happens when the lateral hypothalamus is damaged?

A

Anorexia

30
Q

When is eating stopped?

A

By the stretch receptor signal along the vagus nerve and CCK is released in the duodenum then signals the NST and then the hypothalamus

31
Q

When is peptide YY (PYY) released?

A

Released in the intestines to the blood and inhibits NPY release

32
Q

What is leptin?

A

A hormone that is secreted by fat cells and inhibits eating when there is an abundance of fat

33
Q

What is a BMI of 30-39?

A

obese

34
Q

What is a BMI of over 40?

A

morbidly obese

35
Q

What are some of the risks of being obese?

A

Heart/organ problems, diabetes, strokes, and overall reduced lifespan

36
Q

Is obesity voluntary or genetic?

A

Heritable as it is 50% heritable

37
Q

How does obesity affect the brain?

A

Reduced temporal lobe and cognitive decline which can lead to Alzheimers

38
Q

What is basal metabolism?

A

The energy required to fuel the body that varies by individual but generally is 1800 calories a day

39
Q

What are some preventative measures for obesity?

A

Dieting, surgical procedure, and medication but this highly innefective

40
Q

What is the percentage of women affected by anorexia and bulimia?

A

3%

41
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

A starving disease where people will restrict food intake and reduce calories. There are some purgers but not as common. Anorexics will be underweight

42
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

When an individual will binge on food and proceed to purge. There is no restriction on food and most overeat and maintain their weight.

43
Q

What is low with bulimics?

A

Leptin

Psych 002 (13 decks)

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