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Dynamics of Health Care > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest healthcare career

A

registered nursing

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2
Q

Describe the history of nursing

A

Ancient civilization
= women tended to families with physical care and herbal remedies

Christian period
= deaconesses made organized visists to sick people
= members of male religious order provide nursing care and buried the dead

Middle Ages
= People traveling on pilgrimages lacked access to care; hospitals build for pilgrims had male and female religious orders

16th Century
= women who committed crimes were nurses due to monasteries and convents closing

18th 19th century
= reform by Florence Nightingale

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3
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale

A

English nurse who trained nurses in turkey during the Crimean War
- wrote books about health care and nursing education

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4
Q

What happened after WW2 for Nursing

A

universities and colleges set up schools of nursing and based programs on educational objectives

developed and adopted national state licensing exam

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5
Q

What are the three types of nursing educational programs

A

diploma programs
associate’s degree programs
bachelor’s degree programs

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6
Q

How long do diploma programs take

A

3 years

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7
Q

describe diploma programs

A

were the main source of graduation until the 1960s

- have substantially decreased now

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8
Q

What do nursign diploma programs emphasize

A

clinical experience

direct patient care

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9
Q

what is an associate’s degree in nursing

A

ADN or associate’s degree in nursing

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10
Q

how long does an ADN take

A

2-3 years

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11
Q

what do ADN programs ephasize

A

working in various settings

technical skills

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12
Q

what is a bachelor’s degree in nursing

A

bachelor of science in nursing or BSN

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13
Q

how long do BSN programs take

A

4 years to take

1-1.5 year if accelerated

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14
Q

what do BSN programs emphasize

A

nursing at the upper level

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15
Q

What is one route of nursing further education

A

RN to BSN bridge program
= when a working RN with a diploma or associate’s degree completes bachelor degree

Accelerated Master’s degree programs
= awards BSN and MSN

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16
Q

What is an MSN

A

Master’s of science in nursing

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17
Q

What is the highest degree for registered nurses

A

doctoral degree

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18
Q

what is in-service education

A

on-site education for nurses

= teaches specific nursing skills for equipment or disease

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19
Q

why is in-service education important

A

may provide Continuing Education hours for licensure renewal

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20
Q

Describe licensure for registered nurses

A

must pass NCLEX-RN

  • must be renewed periodically
  • may require continuing education
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21
Q

Why is nursing certification good

A

earn an average of 9000 dollars more than non-certified nurses

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22
Q

What two organizations offer nursing certification

A

AACN (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses)

ANA (American Nurses Association)

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23
Q

Describe certification for AACN

A

renewed every 3 years

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24
Q

Described certification for ANA

A

renewed every 5 years

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25
What is the primary responsibility of registered nurses
care and treatment of patients, often in a hospital
26
Describe the transfer of information for registered nurses
shift begins with reviewing day's assignments and receiving report from nurses on the previous shift
27
What are the typical tasks of a registered nurse- 14
1. administer medications 2. perform tests and analyze results 3. start and discontinue IVs 4. care for wounds 5. provide oxygen 6. take vital signs 7. administer a tube feeding 8. insert a catheter 9. suction airways 10. prepare a sterile field 11. pre and postoperative care 12. assist with range of motion exercises 13. administer a blood transfusion 14. give a bed bath
28
What are registered nurses best described as
patient advocates | - represent patient's interests or guiding patients in protecting their own rights
29
What 3 things do RNs teach patients
medical problems how to care for themselves improve health
30
What can registered nurses specialize in
particular setting certain health conditions specific organ and body systems well-defined populations non-patient specialties combination of multiple specialties
31
What do most registered nurses work as
staff nurses, as part of the health care team
32
What are advanced practice nurses
have more extensive education and training | broader set of responsibilities
33
what are three reasons for the growth of RNs
improvement in medical technology that makes more health problems treatable increased emphasis on preventive care growth of the elderly population
34
What is the professional organiztio nfor Rns
ANA | American Nurses Association
35
Who is directly under an RN
licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurses (LVN) in texas and california
36
What happened in 1892 for LPN
first formal training program was established - through the YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) - 3 month program to develop skills for home care of children and family members
37
How many LPN schools existed by 1940
11
38
Why did LPNs grow during and after WW2
shortage of registered nurses | -thus increasing funding for LPN
39
What happened in 1941 (LPN)
Association of Practical Nurse Schools - changed to NAPNES national association for practical nurse education and service
40
Who accredits LPN programs
NLN or National League for Nursing
41
Who offered the first certification exam for LPN
National Council of State Boards in Nursing with NAPNES
42
What is the education requirement for LPNs
practical or vocational nursing programs that teach bedside nursing care need high school diploma or equivalent
43
what types of classes are in a LPN program
classroom study | supervised clinical practice
44
Describe licensure for LPN
- graduate from accredited program - NCLEX-PN - usually need continuing education hours for renewal
45
How long is an LPN program
about one year (usually)
46
What are the typical tasks of license practical nurses
1. take vital signs 2. change dressings 3. record food and fluid intake/output 4. help patients ambulate 5. give a blanket bath 6. treat bedsores 7. administer medicines 8. draw blood 9. give IV therapy 10. preop and postop care
47
Where are LPNs growing
home health care services - due to old people nursing care facilities - old people and discharged hospital patients with short-term care
48
what are the two professional organizations for LPN
NAPNES | NFLPN (National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses)
49
What can LPNs get certification in
NAPNES - pharmacology - long term care NFLPN - IV therapy - gerontology
50
Who is below an LPN
CNA or certified nursing assistants
51
what do CNAs do
perform basic nursing functions and care for patients PERSONAL needs
52
What are alternative names for CNAs
certified nurs e assistant nursing assistant nursing aid
53
Why did CNAs arise
originally for student nurses, as education for nurses improved, aids were trained instead
54
What did Congress ask the US. Institute of Medicine? Why?
to study how to better regulate quality of care in nursing homes certified by Medicare and Medicaid due to the less than optimal care that was gave to patients by CNAS because they were not trained in healthcare
55
What did the U.S institute of Medicines recommendations become part of
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 - requires formal training for nursing assistants and certification
56
What are the educational requirements of a CNA
complete state approved training program + pass competency task
57
How long is a state approved training program
minimum of 75 hours
58
What is the competency test an assessment of
write and practical portions
59
What must CNAs do to remain certified
minimum of 12 hours of in-serice education
60
What do CNAs do?
1. feed patients and measure/record food intake and output 2. bathe patients 3. help patients dress 4. turn and reposition patients 5. move transport patients 6. apply dressings 7. collect specimens 8. supervise patients during exercise 9. clean rooms
61
where do CNAs have the most contact with patients
nursing care facilities
62
What group are CNAS part of
nursing aids, orderlies, and attendants
63
Why are CNAS growing
growth of older population and their need for long-term care earlier discharge of patients from hospital for cost control technology

Dynamics of Health Care (21 decks)

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