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Dynamics of Health Care > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are clinical lab. technologists als o known as

A

medical technologists

clinical laboratory scientists

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2
Q

when were the first clinical labs established

A

late 1800s and early 1900s

- due to discovery of the bacteria that caused tuberculosis and other epidemic diseases

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3
Q

Why did clinical lab. technologists grow during world war 1

A

qualified lab personnel were in short supply as the number of labs increased and other personnel left to join the armed services

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4
Q

What happened in 1928 for clinical laboratory technologists

A

ASCP (american society for clinical pathology) created the Board of registry (BOR) for certification

BOS (board of schools) was created later as well

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5
Q

What happens if you pass BOR’s accrediting exam

A

become medical technologists and are known as MT

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6
Q

what happened in 1933 regarding clinical lab technologists

A

ASCLS was formed

american society for clinical laboratory sciences

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7
Q

What happened in 1973 regarding clinical lab technologists

A

function of accreditation was passed to NAACLS

national accrediting association for clinical laboratory sciences

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8
Q

describe the education of clinical laboratory technologists

A

most have bachelor’s degree

- depending on job, education + on the job training may be acceptable

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9
Q

what is CLIA

A

clinical laboratory improvement amendments

set of federal quality standards for laboratory testing to ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of patient test results

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10
Q

what are 3 levels of clia tests

A

waived or low complexity tests
moderate complexity tests
high complexity tests
- require associates degree

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11
Q

what are 3 examples of education for clinical lab technologists

A

3 + 1
4+ 1
coursebook with short clinical experience

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12
Q

what are 9 parts of clt programs

A 
scientific content
lab tests
quality assurance
government regulations 
communication and teamwork 
ethics and professionalism
educational techniques 
research design and practice
lab operations
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13
Q

describe CLT credetials

A

licensure or registration (sometimes necessary)

voluntary offered by

  1. AMT - American Medical technologists
  2. ASCP
  3. Board of registry of the American Association of bio analysts
  4. National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel
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14
Q

what are 6 CLT test specialties

A

clinical chemistry technologies
= prepare specimens and analyze DNA cells, and chemicals/hormones in blood

microbiology technologies
= examine and identify bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microorganisms

blood bank/immunohematology
=collect, type, and test blood

immunology technologists
= test for diseases w. immune system

cytotechnologists
= study cells

molecular biology technologists
= complex testing on cell samples

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15
Q

what is quality control

A

monitoring each phase of the lab process to ensure quality assurance and improvement

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16
Q

what are typical tasks of CLT

A 
venous and skin punctures
prepare reagents
complete blood count
examine cell and analyze test result
enter test results
calibrate lab. equipment
run daily quality control check
design and dev. research experiments
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17
Q

why will CLT grow

A

more tests for growing population

new tests being developed

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18
Q

what is the professional organization for CLT

A

ASCLS

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19
Q

what are clinical lab technicians called

A

medical lab technicians

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20
Q

what do clinical laboratory technicians do

A

perform tests on tissues, cells, nd body fluids under the supervision of a laboratory technologist

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21
Q

what are the six specialities of clinical lab technologiss

A 
blood bank 
cytotechnology
hematology
histology
microbiology
immunology
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22
Q

what is blood bank technology

A

tests to determine donated blood characteristics and ensure safey

  • ABO blood type
  • Rh status
  • Red blood cell antibodies
  • check platelets for bacteria
  • test for communicable disease
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23
Q

what is cytotechnology

A

examine cells microscopically for changes or abnormal cells that indicate viral or bacterial infections, cancer, precancerous conditions

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24
Q

what is cytology

A

study of structure of cells

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25
what is hematology
perform blood tests (CBC) | - prothrombin time (PT test)
26
what is a prothrombin test for
what is diagnose bleeding problems and check whether blood thinning medications work
27
what does a CBC include
red and white blood cells | hematocrit (percetnge of red blood cells)
28
what is histology
study of microscopic strcture of tissue - take tissue samples that re size, dried, and embedded in wax so they can easily cut into sections and stained for study
29
what is histological study
diagnosis of cancer and other disease
30
what is microbiology
identify various microorganisms that cause disease | = use samples of urine, stool, sputum, etc.. to determine growth and test microorganisms
31
what 4 things does microbiology include
bacteriology virology mycology parasitology
32
what is immuology
perform simple and specialized tests to determine whether immune system is functioning properly -scan for disease
33
when and why did clinical lab technicians emerge
1960s | - need for new category of personnel that would perform some med technologist functions
34
what two factors aided in the development of clinical lab technicians
increasing popularity of two year community and junior colleges Allied Health Personnel training Act (1996) provided federal funding for allied health progrmas
35
What happened in 1969 for clinical lab technicians
American Association of Junior Colleges and the National Council on Medical Terminology published guidelines for education programs BOR offered certification exam
36
What happened in 1971 for clinical la technicians, why
gudielines in 1969 needed refinemen ASCP established commitee for standards, accreditation, and certification exam
37
what happened in 1972 for clinical lab technicians
the ASCP comitttee established ' Essentials for an approved program for Associate degree Medical Laboratory Technicians" to the AMA - approved and published
38
what happened in 1973 for medical lab technicians
American Society for Medical technology (ASMT), now ASCLS | approved entry-level competencies for medical laboratory technicians
39
who accredits clinical lab technician programs
NAACLS
40
describe the education of clinical lab technicians
associates (specifically for highly complex tests) | may be on the job (rarely)
41
describe credentials for clinical lab technicians
must be licensed ore registered in SOME states voluntary certification from - AMT - ASCP - board of registry of the american association of bioanalysts - national credentialing agency for laboratory personnel
42
describe the steps of a clinical lab technician
recognize basic problems use established procedures to correct them perform tests analyze results and relate them to distances and conditions record findings if results indicate medical problem, report them to a supervisor
43
what are the typical tasks of a clinical lab technician
``` collect throat specimen draw blood by finger stick peripheral blood smear ABO and Rh blood type blood cholesterol test weigh out chemicals perform chemical analysis of urine clean and lubricate equipment organize supplies ```
44
what is the professional oganization for clinical lab technicians
AMT
45
what are lab assistants called
clinical assistants | medical laboratory assistants
46
when and why did lab assistants emerge
mid 1950s | resposne to shortage of medical technologies in physicians offices and labs in rural areas
47
where and why did most technologists prefer tow rok
urban settings | perform greater variety of tests and use more of their skills
48
describe the history of lab assistants
medical professionals began discussing splitting lab personnel based on education - state medical associations promoted creation of formal training programs for lab assistants to help in rural areas
49
what happened in the 1960s and 1970s for ab assistans
1962 = joint committee of ASCP and ASMT developed model training program 1963 = BOR named first training program graduates as certified laboratory assistants 1967 = certifying exam administered by BOR 1973 = ASMT approved entry level competencies for certified lab assistants
50
what is the education of a laboratory assistant
high school diploma or equivalent - most are trained o job - mayhave formal training program
51
Who accredits the FEW laboratory assistant prgorams
NAACLS
52
how long are lab assistant programs
9-18 months
53
describe credentials for lab assistants
licensed or registered in SOME states can obtain CMLA - certified medical lab assistant from the AMT or National Healthcareer association (NHA)
54
what does centrifuged mean
seperated into component parts and stored at room temperature
55
what are the typical tasks of lab assistants
collect blood specimens if trained in phlebotomy prepare store dispose of specimens blood glucose testing technical error recgonization instruct patients in collection and preservation of samples inventroy control and supplies prepare and stain slides for analysis assemble and prepare reagents vital signs follow quality control procedure
56
why are lab assistants growing
aging bab y boomers
57
why is there a shortage of lab assistants
competitio nfor qualified staff and lower compensation for lab work compared to other fields
58
what is the professional org. for lab assistants
does not have one | some belong to ASCLS
59
when did pharmacists begin
ancient times - priests - monks - apothecaries
60
what is compounding
mixing ingredients
61
describe pharmacy in the colonial america
people had several choices when needing medicine - could go to apothecaries shops - could go to wholesale druggists
62
what are pharmacueticals
medicinal drugs
63
how were apothecaries trained before the civil war
through apprenticeship | - apprentices worked for a practicing apothecary
64
describe 1821 for pharmacists
apothecaries and druggists gathered in Philadelphia to advance their profession - founded the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy - opened the Philadelphia college of pharmacy as a college established four schools of pharmacy over 44 years
65
describe pharmacists after the civil war
shifted to sate universities at UOM - Dr. Prescott changed pharmacy education from apprenticeship to academic study
66
what happened during the half centruy after the civil war for pharmacists
licensure more schools end of pharmacists main role as compounder
67
what happened in 1900 for pharmacists
21 pharmacy schools joined the AACP - american association of colleges of pharamcy formerly the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Facilities
68
What happened in the 1920s for pharmacists
AACP adopted basic curriculm | - 4 yr college program
69
what happened in 1932 for pharmacists
ACPE (Accreditation council for pharamcy education) formerly American Council on Pharmaceutical Education was founded
70
what happened in 1905 for pharmacists
NY had licensure for pharmacists
71
describe education for a pharmacist
at least 2 yrs of undergraduate work pass the PCAT go to pharmacy school (4 years)
72
describe the workaround to the main pathway for pharmacy
high school students can apply for pharmacy program that offer a "0-6) program or early asurance programs
73
what is pharmacuetical chemistry
application of chemical sciences to pharmacy
74
what is pharmacognosy
study of natural drugs from plants and nanimals
75
what is pharmacology
understand how drugs act in the body
76
what areas do pharmacists get M.S or Ph.D in
pharmaceutics pharmaceutical chemistry pharmacology pharmacy administration
77
describe licensure for pharmacists
pass the NAPLEX - nroth american pharmacist licensure exam = pass the Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE) on pharmacy law both tests administered by NABP - National Association of Boards of pharmacy need specific number of hours practicing (usually completed in pharmacy school)
78
what can pharmacsts specialize in
particular tpe of drug therapy - oncology - nuclear - geriatric - psychiatric
79
what are the typical tasks of pharmacists
``` respond to verbal prescription order read and transfer prescripion fill prescripon for topical compound, oral antibiotic suspension interview, assses, counsel patient research memdicine ```
80
why are pharmacists growing
incresed demand for prescription drugs elderly new drugs becoming available
81
what is the professional organization for pharmacists
National Pharmaceutical Association NPhA
82
what steps does a pharmacist take
review prescription order - verify dosage - check for allergies - check for duplicate orders input into pharmacy computer system reveiw order against original prescription - check appropriateness of drug - check dosage - check drug interactions print label and fill prescrption
83
when and why did pharmacy technicians arise
establishment by U.S army for training program for pharmacy specialists mid 1940s
84
what happened between 1960 and 1980 for pharmacy technicians
worked to establish formal system of training for pharmacy technicians - U.S department of health, education, and welfare worked with professional pharmacy associations 1975- ASHP (American Society of Healeth-System Pharmacists) established
85
what happened in 1982 for pharmacy technicians
guidelines by ASHP turned into accreditation standards
86
what happened in 1983 for pharmacy technicians
ASHP acccreditation
87
what happened in the 1990s for pharmacy technicians
national certification program and model curriculum developed
88
describe education of pharmacy techncians
most have formal training and certification - 600 hours of training over a period of 15+ weeks (6 months - 2 yrs) - internship or externship in 2 settings
89
describe credentials for pharmacy technicians
certification is optional but may be required pharmacy technician certification board institute of certification of pharmacy technicians recertification every 2 years and natioinal exam
90
what are the typical tasks of pharmacy technicians
accept written prescrption count pills, tablets, capsules compound ointments educate patient prepare unit doses, prescription labels, purchase orders enter orders into computer with pharmacy records maintain inventory
91
why are pharmacy techs growing
demand for prescription drugs | new responsibilites of pharmacy techs
92
what is a key task of pharmacy technicians, explain
fll prescriptions 1. read prescription and calculate correct dosease 2. retrieve correct stock package of medication and double check 3. pour small supply of tablets/capsules into counting tray - push capsules into tray dispenser or well 4. pour unused tablets pack into stock package 5. clean counting tray with ethyl alcohol preparation
93
what is the professional org. for pharmacy techs
AAPT - American Assocation of Pharmacy Technicians NPTA - National Pharmacy Technician Association
94
what is the largest pharmacy tech association
NPTA

Dynamics of Health Care (21 decks)

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