Chapter 4

Question 1

The nuclei of a normal human cells carry ________ pairs of chromosomes for a total of _______.

Answer 1

23, 46

Question 2

The kind of nuclear division that results in 2 daughter cells containing the same # of chromosomes as the original parent.

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

The kind of nuclear division that generates sperm or egg cells containing 1/2 the # of chromosomes found in other cells within the same organism.

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called ______.

Answer 4

Haploid

n

Question 5

Zygotes and other cells that carry two matching sets of chromosomes. Maternal and paternal copies.

Answer 5

Diploid

2n

Question 6

Individual chromosomes have duplicated. Each chromosome consisting of 2 identical halves at metaphase. Exact duplicates.

Answer 6

Sister Chromatids

Question 7

Can be metacentric or acrocentric.

Answer 7

Centromere

Question 8

Chromosomes that match in size, shape, and Banding pattern. They contain the same genes, though some genes may contain different alleles.

Answer 8

Homologous chromosomes or homologs

Question 9

Chromosomes are carriers of genes

Answer 9

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

Question 10

Chromosomes which carry completely different sets of genetic information

Answer 10

Nonhomologous chromosomes

Question 11

In diploid organisms one ________ of a ______ is of maternal origin and the other paternal.

Answer 11

Homolog, pair

Question 12

Klienfelter syndrome is when a male is _______.

Answer 12

XXY

Question 13

Turner syndrome is when a female is ____.

Answer 13

XO

Question 14

SRY

Answer 14

Sex determining region of Y, 110 protein coding genes.

Question 15

The existence of XX males and XY females depending on where the part of SRY is attached (to X or Y).

Answer 15

Sex reversal

Question 16

Gender giving rise to two different types of gametes, two different sex chromosomes

Answer 16

Heterogametic sex

Question 17

One or 2 dark areas of chromatin that play a key role in the manufacture of ribosomes

Answer 17

Nucleoli

Question 18

Repeating pattern of cell growth (interphase, (when chromosomes have been duplicated)) followed by division (mitosis). (Letters)

Answer 18

Cell cycle, G2, M, G1, S

Question 19

Interphase, gap before duplication, cell cycle

Answer 19

G1

Question 20

Interphase, DNA synthesis and chromosomal duplication, cell cycle

Answer 20

S

Question 21

Interphase, gap before mitosis, cell cycle

Answer 21

G2

Question 22

Chromosomal duplication in the cell cycle

Answer 22

M phase, mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 23

Exit for the cell cycle

Answer 23

G0

Question 24

Microtubules radiating out into the cytoplasm from a single organizing center

Answer 24

Centerosome

Question 25

Small darkly staining bodies, core of each centrosome

Answer 25

Centrioles

Question 26

Mitosis: Chromosomes condense and become viable, centrosomes move apart toward opposite poles and generate new microtubules, nucleoli begin to disappear (vocabulary: centromere, sister chromatids)

Answer 26

Prophase

Question 27

Mitosis: Nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules from the centrosomes invade the nucleus, sister chromatids attach to the microtubules from opposite centrosomes (vocabulary: astral microtubules, kinetichore, kinetichore microtubules, polar microtubules)

Answer 27

Prometaphase

Question 28

Mitosis: Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate with sister chromatids facing opposite poles.

Answer 28

Metaphase

Question 29

Mitosis: Centromeres (holding sister chromatids together) sever, the now separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles

Answer 29

Anaphase

Question 30

Mitosis: Nuclear membranes and nucleoli re-form, spindle fibers disappear, former chromatids now function as independent chromosomes, uncoil and become a tangle of chromatin.

Answer 30

Telophase

Question 31

Mitosis: The cytoplasm divides (contractile ring) splitting the elongated parent cell into to daughter cells with IDENTICAL nuclei

Answer 31

Cytokinesis

Question 32

A structure in the centromere region of each chromatid specialized for conveyance

Answer 32

Kinetichore

Question 33

Microtubules originating from the centrosomes

Answer 33

Mitosis spindle

Question 34

Kinetichore, polar, astral

Answer 34

Different microtubules

Question 35

Pinches the cell into two approximately equal halves

Answer 35

Contractile ring

Question 36

Cell plate is a membrane enclosed disk in _______ mitosis.

Answer 36

Plant

Question 37

An animal cell with 1 or more nuclei

Answer 37

Syncytial

Question 38

Moments when a cell evaluates the results of previous steps allowing the sequential coordination of cell-cycle events

Answer 38

Checkpoints

Question 39

Specialized haploid cells (eggs and sperm or pollen) that carry genes between generations

Answer 39

Gametes