Final Exam Microbiology

Question 1

Bacteria, Archaea, eukarya

Answer 1

Domain

Question 2

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Answer 2

Classification system

Question 3

One, the microorganism must be found in all diseased organisms, not in healthy organisms two, the microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture three, the cultured microorganism should cause the disease when introduced into healthy organism four, the microorganism must be reisolated from the diseased, inoculated host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Answer 3

Koch’s postulates

Question 4

Exact composition is not known

Answer 4

Complex media

Question 5

Protein channel that contains the enzyme Blank. When protons flow through, energy is released and used by this enzyme to synthesize ATP from ADP

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

NAD+ +2 electrons + 1 proton yields NADH

Answer 6

Two electrons, one proton

Question 7

FAD +2 protons +2 electrons yields FADH2

Answer 7

Two protons and two electrons

Question 8

Protons moving across a cytoplasmic membrane/concentration gradient. Used to make ATP

Answer 8

Chemiosmosis

Question 9

Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria. Affects cell wall synthesis.

Answer 9

Penicillin

Question 10

Require oxygen to grow

Answer 10

Obligate aerobes

Question 11

Killed by O2

Answer 11

Obligate anaerobes

Question 12

Makes ATP with O2 present but is capable of fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

Facultative anaerobes

Question 13

The removal of all microorganisms and endospores

Answer 13

Sterilization

Question 14

The removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparation

Answer 14

sanitization

Question 15

When a person is exposed to a microorganism or foreign substance and the immune system responds (vaccine)

Answer 15

Adaptive immunity, active

Question 16

When antibodies are transferred from one person to another, only last a few weeks, placenta and milk

Answer 16

Adaptive immunity, passive

Question 17

Antigen enter and induce antibodies or mothers antibodies to fetus or infant

Answer 17

Naturally acquired, adaptive immunity

Question 18

Vaccines, or preformed antibodies are injected passively

Answer 18

Artificially acquired, adaptive immunity

Question 19

An arthropod that carries a disease causing organisms from one host to another host

Answer 19

Vector

Question 20

Phagocytosis

Answer 20

White blood cells, neutrophils

Question 21

Create histamine

Answer 21

White blood cells, basophils

Question 22

Create toxic proteins against parasites

Answer 22

White blood cells, eSinophils

Question 23

Mature into macrophages, phagocytosis

Answer 23

White blood cells, monocytes

Question 24

Initiation of immune response, phagocytosis.

Answer 24

White blood cells, dendritic cells

Question 25

Destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis

Answer 25

White blood cells, lymphocyte

Question 26

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 26

White blood cells, T cells

Question 27

Produce anti-bodies

Answer 27

White blood cells, the B cells

Question 28

Amino acid substitution

Answer 28

Missense

Question 29

One base pair substitution

Answer 29

Point mutation

Question 30

Shift in translational reading frame

Answer 30

Frameshift mutation

Question 31

Dormant structure that exists through adverse conditions in the environment

Answer 31

Endospores

Question 32

Continuous with nuclear membrane, ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer 32

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

Synthesis of lipids including cholesterol and phospholipids which are used in the production of new cell membrane synthesis of steroid hormones

Answer 33

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Modifying sorting and packaging the proteins for secretion involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, creates lysosomes, made up of cisternae

Answer 34

Golgi apparatus

Question 35

Modify proteins

Answer 35

Transfer vesicles

Question 36

For exocytosis, storage

Answer 36

SecreTor vesicles

Question 37

Digestive enzymes

Answer 37

Lysosomes

Question 38

Storage

Answer 38

Vacuoles

Question 39

Cisternae, matrix, inner membranes, cellular respiration/ATP production

Answer 39

Mitochondria

Question 40

Enzymes, toxins, H202 catalase

Answer 40

Peroxisomes

Question 41

Obligate intracellular parasite

Answer 41

Virus

Question 42

Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid a) of most Graham negative bacteria. Released upon distruction of the cell.

Answer 42

endotoxin

Question 43

Tocsin released from a living (mostly Graham positive) bacteria cell

Answer 43

Exotoxins

Question 44

Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Answer 44

Amphipathic

Question 45

Disease causing organisms

Answer 45

Pathogen

Question 46

The net movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

The net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Answer 47

Osmosis

Question 48

Net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient. Requires the cell to expend energy

Answer 48

Active transport

Question 49

Borrelia Burgdorferi, spirochetes, arthropod Victor, tick, larva after small mammal blood meal

Answer 49

Lime disease

Question 50

Trepanema pallium, spirochetes, lipoproteins cause inflammation

Answer 50

Syphilis

Question 51

Fertility factor

Answer 51

F plus plasmid

Question 52

Mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile.

Answer 52

Medium cold heat

Question 53

Effective chemotherapeutic agent around antibiotic disc, The larger the zone the more effective the antibiotic or sensitive. intermediate and resistant. diffusion method Kirby Bauer

Answer 53

Zone of inhibition

Question 54

Change in body function felt by patient

Answer 54

Symptom

Question 55

Change due to disease that can be measured or observed

Answer 55

Sign

Question 56

Flulike, infections, karposi's sarcoma, pneumonia

Answer 56

HIV symptom

Question 57

CD4 plus T cells decline. Drop to 200 cells per microliter

Answer 57

HIV sign

Question 58

Sore, rash, damage

Answer 58

Syphilis symptom

Question 59

Antibodies or germs to syphilis

Answer 59

Syphilis sign

Question 60

Bull's-eye rash, fatigue, flu like symptoms

Answer 60

Symptoms of Lyme disease

Question 61

Antibodies on Western blot or Eliza, cerebrospinal fluid test

Answer 61

Signs of Lyme disease

Question 62

Ulcers and scabs

Answer 62

Herpes symptoms

Question 63

Culture and PCR to herpes antibodies

Answer 63

Herpes sign

Question 64

Bacteria archea, eukarya

Answer 64

Domains

Question 65

Donna Karan's PC of genus species

Answer 65

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 66

Vasodilation, phagocytotic migration, tissue repair

Answer 66

Steps in inflammatory response