Chapter 4 A&P

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

Cells organized into more complex units

Question 2

What is the study of tissues called?

Answer 2

Histology

Question 3

Who examines the tissues?

Answer 3

A pathologist

Question 4

What are the four types of tissues?

Answer 4

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 5

What is the superficial tissue?

Answer 5

Epithelial

Question 6

Which tissue is very diverse?

Answer 6

Connective

Question 7

What is the muscle tissue for?

Answer 7

Contraction and generation of power movements. Also generates heat for the body.

Question 8

Which tissue is responsible for electrical signals?

Answer 8

Nervous tissue

Question 9

Which tissue is tightly packed together (stacked)?

Answer 9

Epithelial

Question 10

Which tissue is scattered and surrounded by large amounts of extracellular matrix?

Answer 10

Connective

Question 11

Which tissue lines the body surfaces and cavities?

Answer 11

Epithelial

Question 12

Where do epithelial cells attach?

Answer 12

Basement membrane

Question 13

Does Epithelial tissue have a nerve supply?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

True or false: Mitosis rarely occurs in epithelial tissue

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the apical surface?

Answer 15

The exposed surface to external environment

Question 16

What kind of surface has intercellular junctions?

Answer 16

Lateral surfaces

Question 17

Which surface is attached to the basement membrane?

Answer 17

Basal surface

Question 18

Main functions of the epithelial tissue: (4)

Answer 18

1. Secretions
2. Sensations
3. Physical protection
4. Selective permeability

Question 19

How do you name a tissue?

Answer 19

Arrangement of layers and cell shape

Question 20

What is a “simple” layer?

Answer 20

One row

Question 21

What is a pseudostratified layer?

Answer 21

One layer that is stretched vertically

Question 22

When is a layer considered “stratified”?

Answer 22

Two or more layers

Question 23

What do squamous cells look like?

Answer 23

Flat, widened, thin

Question 24

Which cells look cube-like?

Answer 24

Cuboidal

Question 25

Which cells are taller than they are wide?

Answer 25

Columnar

Question 26

What are the 3 possible types of cell shapes?

Answer 26

1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar

Question 27

Where may you find simple epithelium?

Answer 27

Found where filtration, absorption, or secretion primary function Ex. Lining of air sacs of lungs, intestines, blood vessels

Question 28

Where are stratified epithelium found?

Answer 28

Found in areas subjected to mechanical stress Ex. Skin, lining of the pharynx, esophagus

Question 29

Which epithelium appears layered, but is actually 1 layer? Hint: "False" layers

Answer 29

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 30

What is the nucleus like in squamous cells?

Answer 30

Flattened

Question 31

What is the nucleus like in cuboidal cells?

Answer 31

Spherical and in center of cell

Question 32

What is the nucleus like in columnar cells?

Answer 32

Oval

Question 33

Where is the nucleus in transitional cells?

Answer 33

Occur where epithelium stretches and relaxes

Question 34

Two main divisions of the glands:

Answer 34

1. Endocrine 2. Exocrine

Question 35

What do glands do?

Answer 35

Secrete substances for use elsewhere for elimination

Question 36

What is the difference between the secretions in the glands?

Answer 36

Endocrine glands secrete hormone products into interstitial fluid and blood Exocrine glands secrete product on to a surface

Question 37

Which gland handles sweat, mammary, and saliva?

Answer 37

Exocrine glands

Question 38

Which gland acts as chemical messengers?

Answer 38

Endocrine glands

Question 39

Unicellular =

Answer 39

Single cells

Question 40

Define multicellular

Answer 40

Composed of many cells that form a distinctive microscopic structure or macroscopic organ

Question 41

Structural classification of sweat glands

Answer 41

Multicellular

Question 42

What do merocrine glands do?

Answer 42

Secretions released from cell via exocytosis

Question 43

What surface does Apocrine glands secrete from? Hint: "Ap"

Answer 43

Apical surfaces

Question 44

What is the functional classification of a gland where the whole cell becomes secretory product? Ex. oil glands

Answer 44

Holocrine

Question 45

Connective tissue cells: Which are resident? (3 of them)

Answer 45

Fibroblasts Adipocytes Fixed macrophages

Question 46

Which resident cell is also known as fat cells?

Answer 46

Adipocytes

Question 47

What are fixed macrophages derived from?

Answer 47

Monocytes

Question 48

Which cells are relatively large and irregularly shaped?

Answer 48

Fixed macrophages (Macro means large)

Question 49

What do fixed macrophages do to damaged cells or pathogens?

Answer 49

Phagocytize (engulf) them

Question 50

What are the 3 wandering cells?

Answer 50

1. Mast Cells 2. Plasma Cells 3. Free Macrophages

Question 51

What do mast cells do?

Answer 51

Assist with dilating blood vessels by releasing histamine

Question 52

What are monocytes?

Answer 52

Type of white blood cell

Question 53

Where do mast cells wander?

Answer 53

Close to blood vessels

Question 54

What do plasma cells do?

Answer 54

Produce antibodies

Question 55

What are antibodies and what do they do?

Answer 55

They are proteins that immobilize foreign material

Question 56

Are plasma cells from red or white blood cells?

Answer 56

White

Question 57

What are free macrophages?

Answer 57

Mobile phagocytic cells that function the same as fixed macrophages

Question 58

What are the 3 types of protein fibers in CT?

Answer 58

1. Reticular 2. Elastic 3. Collagen

Question 59

What is the purpose of protein fibers?

Answer 59

Strengthen and support tissue

Question 60

Which protein fiber is tough, but flexible?

Answer 60

Reticular

Question 61

Which protein fiber is known to be abundant in the framework of organs?

Answer 61

Reticular

Question 62

Which protein fiber stretches and recoils easily?

Answer 62

Elastic

Question 63

What do elastic fibers do?

Answer 63

Help structures return to normal shape after stretching

Question 64

Where can elastic fibers be found?

Answer 64

Skin, lungs, arteries,

Question 65

Which protein fiber is strong, flexible and resistant to stretching?

Answer 65

Collagen

Question 66

Where can collagen fibers be found?

Answer 66

Tendons and ligaments

Question 67

What are the 3 loose connective tissues?

Answer 67

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Question 68

What are the 3 dense connective tissues?

Answer 68

Regular, Irregular, Elastic

Question 69

What are the 3 cartilage supporting connective tissues?

Answer 69

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic

Question 70

What are the 2 bone supporting connective tissues?

Answer 70

Compact, Spongey

Question 71

What is the fluid connective tissue?

Answer 71

Blood

Question 72

3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 72

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth muscle

Question 73

Two kinds of cells in the nervous system:

Answer 73

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 74

What do the neuroglia do?

Answer 74

Protect and support the neurons

Question 75

What are membranes?

Answer 75

Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body

Question 76

What are the 4 types of Epithelial membranes?

Answer 76

Mucous Serous Cutaneous Synovial

Question 77

Which membrane lines body cavity open to exterior?

Answer 77

Mucous

Question 78

Which membrane lines body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior?

Answer 78

Serous

Question 79

Which membrane is skin (epidermis)?

Answer 79

Cutaneous

Question 80

Synovial membrane lines what?

Answer 80

Cavities of joints

Question 81

What is the formation of scar tissue called?

Answer 81

Fibrosis

Question 82

What slows the process of tissue repair?

Answer 82

Aging

Question 83

Example of a disorder of connective tissue that is autoimmune?

Answer 83

Lupus

Question 84

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 84

Increase in size of existing cells of a tissue

Question 85

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 85

Increase in number of cells of a tissue

Question 86

What is the tissue modification called when the growth is proceeding out of control?

Answer 86

Neoplasia

Question 87

What is Atrophy?

Answer 87

Shrinkage of tissue by decrease in cell number or size

Question 88

What is tissue death called?

Answer 88

Necrosis