Chapter 3 A&P

Question 1

What are the major subdivisions of the cell?

Answer 1

• Plasma (cell) membrane
• Cytoplasm

Question 2

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 2

The fluid portion of the cell interior not occupied by the nucleus

Question 3

What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do?

Answer 3

It is the cell skeleton made of protein fibers and tubes within the cell to give shape and movement

Question 4

What is cytosol?

Answer 4

The cell liquid only

Question 5

In what orientation do Centrosomes lay?

Answer 5

Perpendicular (T)

Question 6

What is contained in a Centrosome?

Answer 6

Cylindrical centrioles

Question 7

What is best known for function in cell division?

Answer 7

Centrosomes

Question 8

What’s the purpose of the mitotic spindle?

Answer 8

To pull apart chromosomes in the process of Mitosis

Question 9

What are Cilia?

Answer 9

Numerous, short, hairlike projections that extend from the surface of the cell

Question 10

What organelle displays an oarlike pattern of beating?

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

What are Flagella?

Answer 11

Long tails that move the entire cell

Question 12

How does the tail size differ between Cilia and Flagella?

Answer 12

Cilia are short/hairlike

Flagella are similar to Cilia, but much longer

Question 13

Only example of Flagella in the human body is…

Answer 13

Sperm cell’s tail

Question 14

How many types of ER are there and what are they?

Answer 14

1. Rough ER (RER)
2. Smooth ER (SER)

Question 14

What is the abbreviation “ER” stand for?

Answer 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

Which ER has ribosomes?

Answer 15

RER

Question 16

Which ER synthesizes protein?

Answer 16

RER

Question 17

Which ER synthesizes fatty acids and steroids?

Answer 17

SER

Question 18

What do ribosomes contain?

Answer 18

Protein and RNA

Question 19

Ribosomes are made within the…

Answer 19

Nucleolus

Question 20

What kind of ribosomes are suspended in cytosol?

Answer 20

Free ribosomes

Question 21

What are the ribosomes called that are attached to the external surface of the RER membrane?

Answer 21

Bound ribosomes

Question 22

What is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 22

A ribosome

Question 23

What is the Golgi Apparatus often compared to?

Answer 23

A post office

Question 24

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

Answer 24

- Modification - Packaging - Protein sorting

Question 25

What does the Golgi Apparatus form?

Answer 25

- Secretory vesicles - Lysosomes

Question 26

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 26

Clean up

Question 27

What kind of enzymes do lysosomes contain?

Answer 27

Digestive

Question 28

How do lysosomes digest unneeded substances?

Answer 28

Autophagy (self-eating)

Question 29

What uses oxygen to break down organic substances?

Answer 29

Peroxisomes

Question 30

What do Peroxisomes produce?

Answer 30

Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 31

What do Peroxisomes do?

Answer 31

Oxidize other substances

Question 32

What engages in aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

What does the mitochondria synthesize?

Answer 33

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 34

What is known as the cell's "control center"?

Answer 34

The nucleus

Question 35

True or false: The nucleus is the largest structure in the cell

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the nucleolus composed of?

Answer 36

Protein and RNA

Question 37

What does the nucleolus produce?

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 38

It is to separate the cytoplasm from fluid within the nucleus

Question 39

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 39

Channel-like open passageways in the nuclear envelope

Question 40

What are hereditary units?

Answer 40

Genes

Question 41

Where are genes arranged?

Answer 41

In chromosomes

Question 42

Gene expression =

Answer 42

Protein synthesis

Question 43

What does DNA form in the nucleus and through what process? *Hint: Like Russian to Latin*

Answer 43

RNA, Transcription

Question 44

What does RNA form into in cytoplasm, and through what process? *Hint: Like Latin to English*

Answer 44

Protein, Translation

Question 45

What is cell division necessary for?

Answer 45

- Development - Tissue growth - Replacement of old cells - Tissue repair

Question 46

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 46

Mitosis (somatic cells) Meiosis (sex cells)

Question 47

What are the phases? (In order)

Answer 47

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase/Cytokinesis (then goes back to interphase)

Question 48

In which phase does chromatin condense into chromosomes?

Answer 48

Prophase

Question 49

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 49

Centromeres of chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (in the middle)

Question 50

In which phase does a new nuclear membrane form?

Answer 50

Telophase/Cytokinesis

Question 51

In Telophase, what dissolves?

Answer 51

Mitotic spindles

Question 52

Chromosomes regain their chromatin appearance in which phase?

Answer 52

Telophase/Cytokinesis

Question 53

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 53

Cleavage furrow forms and eventually the cytoplasm of the parent cell fully splits

Question 54

What happens after cytokinesis?

Answer 54

Interphase begins again

Question 55

How many possible destinies do cells have?

Answer 55

3 1. Remain alive and function without dividing 2. Grow and divide 3. Die

Question 56

When does cancer occur?

Answer 56

When there is abnormal or uncontrolled cell division

Question 57

What happens when cell growth causes excess tissue?

Answer 57

Tumors (neoplasm)

Question 58

Cancerous =

Answer 58

Malignant

Question 59

Non-cancerous =

Answer 59

Benign

Question 60

What is the proper term for "cell death"?

Answer 60

Apoptosis