Chapter 2 A&P

Question 1

What are the 3 forms of matter that makes up a human body?

Answer 1

Solid (bone)
Liquid (blood)
Gas (oxygen)

Question 2

What is matter composed of?

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of elements

Question 4

What is the periodic table composed of?

Answer 4

An organized table of elements

Question 5

In a periodic table, what are the 3 labels in an element? (top to bottom)

Answer 5

Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass Number

Question 6

What is atomic mass?

Answer 6

The weight of the element

Question 7

What is the mass number made up of?

Answer 7

Protons and Neutrons

Question 8

What has the same number of protons and electrons, but not neutrons?

Answer 8

Isotopes

Question 9

What is it called when something has unequal numbers of protons and electrons?

Answer 9

Ions

Question 10

What is it called when two or more atoms share electrons?

Answer 10

Molecules

Question 11

Are Cation ions positive or negative?

Answer 11

Positive- ca(+)ion

Question 12

Are Anion ions positive or negative?

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

Symbol for hydrogen ion

Answer 13

H+

Question 14

Symbol for Sodium ion

Answer 14

Na+

Question 15

What symbol is this? K+

Answer 15

Potassium ion

Question 16

What symbol is this? Ca2+

Answer 16

Calcium ion

Question 17

What symbol is the Chloride ion?

Answer 17

Cl-

Question 18

What symbol is this? HCO3-

Answer 18

Bicarbonate ion

Question 19

How are ions produced?

Answer 19

When there is an exchange in electrons

Question 20

What are ionic bonds formed from?

Answer 20

Cations and anions bound together

Question 21

When is a covalent bond formed?

Answer 21

When atoms share electrons

Question 22

When does a chemical reaction occur?

Answer 22

When new bonds are formed, or old bonds are broken

Question 23

Starting substances in chemical reactions are called?

Answer 23

Reactants

Question 24

Ending substances in chemical reactions are called?

Answer 24

Products

Question 25

What is metabolisim?

Answer 25

All chemical reactions occurring in the body

Question 26

What form of energy is it when it is stored by matter due to its position?

Answer 26

Potential Energy

Question 27

What form of energy is it when it is in motion?

Answer 27

Kinetic Energy

Question 28

What form of energy is potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compound and molecules?

Answer 28

Chemical Energy

Question 29

Exergonic energy

Answer 29

Release more energy than absorbed

Question 30

Endergonic energy

Answer 30

Absorb more energy than released

Question 31

Activation energy

Answer 31

Energy needed to start a reaction

Question 32

Type of Chemical Reaction- Synthesis

Answer 32

Atoms, ion, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules

Question 33

Type of Chemical Reaction- Decomposition

Answer 33

Split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules

Question 34

Type of Chemical Reaction- Exchange

Answer 34

Consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions

Question 35

Type of Chemical Reaction- Reversible

Answer 35

Products can revert to original reactants

Question 36

Type of Chemical Reaction- Oxidation reduction

Answer 36

Reactions concerned with the transfer of electrons between atoms and molecules

Question 37

What is the solvent of the body?

Answer 37

Water

Question 38

What are solutes?

Answer 38

Substances that dissolve in water

Question 39

What is the universal solvent? (most substances can dissolve in it)

Answer 39

Water

Question 40

What is the term for "water-loving"?

Answer 40

Hydrophilic

Question 41

What is the term for "water-fearing"?

Answer 41

Hydrophobic

Question 42

What does water act as to help reduce friction as membranes and organs slide over one another?

Answer 42

A lubricant

Question 43

Water has a high heat: (2 properties)

Answer 43

1. Capacity 2. Vaporization

Question 44

Solutions with greater H+ are...

Answer 44

Acidic - have a pH less than 7

Question 45

Solutions with less H+ are...

Answer 45

Basic (alkaline) - have a pH over 7

Question 46

What do organic compounds ALWAYS contain?

Answer 46

Carbon

Question 47

True or False: Carbon compounds are a bad source of energy.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True or False: Carbon compounds do not dissolve easily in water.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

The four organic compounds that make up the human body

Answer 49

1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

Question 50

What do monomers build together to make?

Answer 50

Polymers

Question 51

What do polymers do?

Answer 51

Break down to make monomers

Question 52

What does DNA do?

Answer 52

Forms the genetic code in the nuclei of body cells and it regulates most of the cell's activities

Question 53

What does RNA do?

Answer 53

Guides protein formation

Question 54

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?

Answer 54

It is the principal energy-storing molecule in the body

Question 55

How many phosphate groups does ATP have, and how many does ADP have?

Answer 55

3, 2

Question 56

True or False: ATP is current energy

Answer 56

True

Question 57

How big is the pH scale?

Answer 57

0-14

Question 58

The higher the amount of Hydrogen ions....

Answer 58

The lower the pH scale

Question 59

What do enzymes end in?

Answer 59

ASE Ex. Lactase

Question 60

What makes up a DNA strand?

Answer 60

Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine