Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards Preview

Criminal Justice 130 Survey of Criminal Law > Chapter 4 Terms > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 4 Terms Deck (20)
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1
Q

an object within an individual’s immediate physcial control or on their person

A

actual possession

2
Q

a criminal act, the physical or external component of a crime

A

actus reus

3
Q

no legal duty to assist or to rescue an individual in danger

A

American bystander rule

4
Q

the conditions or context required for a crime

A

attendant circumstances

5
Q

an individual who retains legal possession over property that is not within his or her actual control

A

constructive possession

6
Q

the legal obligation to act

A

duty to intervene

7
Q

a rule in Europe imposing a legal duty on individuals to assist those in peril

A

European bystander rule

8
Q

temporary dominion and control over an object; typically not considered possession for purposes of criminal liability

A

fleeting possession

9
Q

legislation that exempts individuals from civil liabillity who assist individuals in peril

A

Good Samaritan statute

10
Q

unconscious act or automatism

A

involuntary act

11
Q

several individuals exercise dominion and control over an object

A

joint possession

12
Q

individual awareness of criminal possession

A

knowing possession

13
Q

the mental element of a crime

A

mens rea

14
Q

unknowing possession

A

mere possession

15
Q

failure to act or to intervene to assist another

A

omission

16
Q

physical control over property with the ability to freely use and enjoy the property

A

possession

17
Q

a crime that is a step toward an even more serious offense

A

preparatory offense

18
Q

requires that the act cause a very specific harm and requires a specific intent

A

result crime

19
Q

offense based on personal chracteristics or condition rather than conduct that constitutes cruel and unusual punishment

A

status offense

20
Q

the individual is aware and fully conscious of acting. This is distinguished from an involuntary act, unconscious act, or automatism.

A

voluntary act