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Psychology 120 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Interconnected cells throughout the body through which messages are sent between the brain and rest of the body

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2
Q

Neuron

A

A cell in the nervous system
Function: To receive and transmit information

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3
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

Branching tree like fibre attached to the soma

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5
Q

Axon

A

Long, segment fiber

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6
Q

What does soma contain

A

Nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive

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7
Q

Function of dendrite

A

Collects information from other cells and sends the information to Soma

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8
Q

Axon

A

Transmits information away from cell body toward other neutrons or to the muscles and glands

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9
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal

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10
Q

Resting Potential

A

When interior of the neuron contains greater number of negatively charged ions than does the area outside

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11
Q

Action Potential

A

When a neuron receives a signal from another neuron strong enough to pass a certain threshold. Action Potential Starts.

First axon Gates up allowing sodium ions into the axon creating a temporarily positive segment of the axon.

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12
Q

Refractory period

A

Once action potential occurs, the neuron is prevented from repeatedly firing again

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13
Q

Synapses

A

Areas where the terminal buttons at the end of the axon of one neuron nearly but don’t touch the den dries of the other

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical that relays signals across the synapses between neurons

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15
Q

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

They male cell more likely to fire

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16
Q

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

A

Make the cell less likely to fire

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17
Q

Acetylcholine Neurotrasmitter

A

Affects the muscles. Makes your muscles contract

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

Feeling pleasure. Rush of joy

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19
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

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20
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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21
Q

Serotonin

A

Feeling of satisfaction and eating and keeps your appetite in check

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22
Q

Endorphins

A

Body’s natural pain relievers. They can as long boost your mood

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23
Q

Medulla

A

Area of brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing

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24
Q

Pons

A

Structure in the brain stem that control the movements of the body, balance and walking

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25
Reticular Formation
Finds out stimuli coming to the brain and relays the remainder of the signals to others areas of the brain. Involves in walking, eating, sexual activity and sleeping
26
Cerebellum
Controls voluntary movements
27
Limbic System
Governs emotion and memory
28
Thalamus
Filters sensory information that is coming up the spinal cord and through the reticular formation
29
Amygdala
Responsible for regulating anger and fear
30
Hippocampus
Important in storing information in long term memory
31
Hypothalamus
Regulation of hunger and sexual behaviour. Links nervous to endocrine system
32
Cerebral Cortex
Allows to successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools and lives in social groups
33
Glial cells
Surround and link to the neurons, protecting them, providing them with nutrients and absorbing unused neurotransmitters
34
Brain Laterization
Left Hemisphere controls right. Right hemisphere controls left
35
Corpus Callosum
Region of the brain that connects two halves of the brain
36
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for thinking, plannning judging and memory
37
Parietal lobe
Primary for processing for processing information about touch
38
Occipital Lobe
Processes visual information
39
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for hearing and language
40
Motor Cortex
Situated in frontal lobe, controls and executes movements of the body by sending signal to cerebellums and the spinal cord
41
Somasensory cortex
Receives information from skins sensory receptors and the movements of different body parts
42
Neuro plasticity
Brians ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage
43
Neurogenesis
Formation of new neurons
44
Sensory neuron
Carries information from sensory receptors
45
Motor Neuron
Transmits information to the muscles and glands
46
Interneurons
Communicates among other neurons
47
Centeral Nervous system
Brain and spinal cord charged with responding and interpreting sensory information,
48
Peripheral Nervous system
Links the CNS to body’s sense receptors, muscles and glands
49
Autonomic Nervous system
Controls internal activities of organs and glands. Like heart rate
50
Somatic Nervous system
Voluntary movements
51
Sympathetic Nervous System
Prepares the body for behaviour, particularly in response to stress, by activating glands in endocrine system. (Arousing)
52
Parasympathetic Nervous system
Calming; Slows the heart and breathing by allowing body to recover.
53
Endocrine System
Network of glands in our body that make the harmones help talk to each other.
54
Glands
Group of cells that function to secrete harmones
55
Harmone
Chemical that regulated behaviour
56
Pituitary Gland
Function: Controls body growth, pain response, signals production of sex harmones, ovulation, mestrual cycle.
57
Pancreas
Maintain stores of energy, and regulates blood sugar cells
58
Pineal
Helps regulate, wake sleep cycle
59
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Determines how quickly the body uses energy and harmones. Controls amount of calcium in blood and bones
60
Adrenal
Regulates salt and water balance, metabolism, immune system, sexual development and system
61
Testes
Male sexual reproduction and development
62
Ovaries
Female sexual reproduction and development
63
EEG
Record the electrical activity produced by the brains neurons through the use of electrodes
64
FMRI
Brain Scan that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain activity in the each brain area
65
TMS
Goal to deactivate a small brain region

Psychology 120 (9 decks)

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