Chapter 5

Question 1

gender

Answer 1

the characteristics of people as males or

females

Question 2

gender role

Answer 2

a set of expectations that prescribes how females and males should think, act, and feel

Question 3

social role theory

Answer 3

theory stating that gender differences mainly result from the contrasting roles of females and males, with females having less power and status and controlling fewer resources than males

Question 4

social cognitive theory of gender

Answer 4

theory emphasizing that children’s and adolescents’ gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior, and through rewards and punishments they experience for gender appropriate and gender inappropriate behavior

Question 5

gender schema theory

Answer 5

theory stating that an individual’s attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to gender-based
sociocultural standards and stereotypes - females are often portrayed in sexually provocative ways on MTV and in rock videos

Question 6

gender stereotypes

Answer 6

broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males

Question 7

rapport talk

Answer 7

the language of conversation, establishing connections and negotiating relationships

Question 8

repport talk

Answer 8

talk that gives information; public speaking is an example

Question 9

androgyny

Answer 9

the presence of a high degree of desirable feminine and masculine characteristics in
the same individual

Question 10

gender transcendence

Answer 10

the belief that, when an individual’s competence is at issue, it should be conceptualized not on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny but on a person basis

Question 11

gender intensification hypothesis

Answer 11

hypothesis stating that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased
socialization pressure to conform to masculine and feminine gender roles