chapter 5

Question 1

give 2 advantages of biomedical model of health?

Answer 1

It creates the opportunity for advancements in technology and research. Without the biomedical model, there would be no x-rays, anesthetics, and therefore little knowledge about how to actually treat and diagnose diseases.
· It enables many common conditions, illnesses, injuries to be quickly and effectively treated (e.g. the common flu through medication and antibiotics).

Question 2

List 5 reasons for improvements in health status of Australia since 1900’s

Answer 2

increase in knowledge
development of medication
Advancement in technology

Question 3

What was the old public health?

Answer 3

They were government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sanitation and sewage disposal.

Question 4

what is concerned with new public health?

Answer 4

It is an approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individual behavior change to one that considers the ways in which physical, socio-cultural and environmental environments impact on health.

Question 5

What is the biomedical model of health?

Answer 5

The biomedical model of health is a medical model which focuses on the physical and biological aspects of disease and illness, placing emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Question 6

What is the social model of health?

Answer 6

A conceptual framework within which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the SEE determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order to achieve health gains, SEE determinants must be addressed.

Question 7

5 principles of the social model of health

Answer 7

Address the broader determinants of health 
Reduce social inequality
Empower individuals and the community
Accessibility to health care
Inter-Sectorial collaboration

Question 8

give 2 advantages of biomedical model of health?

Answer 8

· It creates the opportunity for advancements in technology and research. Without the biomedical model, there would be no x-rays, anesthetics, and therefore little knowledge about how to actually treat and diagnose diseases.
· It enables many common conditions, illnesses, injuries to be quickly and effectively treated (e.g. the common flu through medication and antibiotics).

Question 9

give 2 disadvantages of biomedical model of health?

Answer 9

It does not always promote good health. Recall, the biomedical model is the ‘quick fix ‘ approach as it does not focus on the underlying causes of ill health and does not encourage people to be responsible for their own health.

· It relies on health professionals and technology which can be costly.
Smaller, rural- based health clinics may not be able to afford medical technology and resources.

Question 10

what does the principle “Address the broader determinants of health”
mean? (social model)

Answer 10

• When deciding health initiatives to promote health gains, the focus should be on targeting the broader SEE influences on health.

Question 11

what does the principle “Reduce social inequality” mean? (social model)

Answer 11

Reduces the social inequalities caused by factors such as physical environment, ethnic background ,SES.

Question 12

what does the principle “Accessibility to health care” mean? (social model)

Answer 12

This principle aims to address this problem by ensuring that services and information are available to everyone on basis of accessibility, affordability and need.

Question 13

what does the principle “Inter-Sectorial collaboration” mean? (social model)

Answer 13

This involves groups from many sectors(government, non-government ,health and private) working together to achieve a common health related goal.

Question 14

give 2 advantages of social model of health?

Answer 14

.As the social model of health doesn’t just focuses on the diseases once symptoms are present ,it encourages people to make better choices and take care of their health to prevent the onset of disease.

It focuses on the vulnerable population groups (indigenous, low SES and rural) and aims to reduce social inequalities in the long term rather than just a ‘quick fix’.

Question 15

give 2 disadvantages of social model of health?

Answer 15

Not every condition can be prevented (e.g. genetic conditions).
It does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge.

Question 16

give 2 differences between biomedical model of health and social model of health?

Answer 16

Biomedical:It is a Band aid or quick fix approach that focuses on biological and physical aspects of diseases and illness.

Social:Addresses the broader influences on health that focuses on the (SEE) social ,environmental and economic aspects of diseases and illness.

Biomedical:Focuses on the individual and attempts them to return to pre-illness state and is concerned with the condition itself .

Social:Focuses on the community and preventing illness in the community and is concerned with the influences and underlying causes for ill health(rather than condition itself).

Question 17

What is the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 17

The Ottawa charter for health promotion is an approach to health development by WHO which attempts to reduce inequities in health.

Question 18

What does WHO define ottwa charter as?

Answer 18

WHO defines health promotion according to Ottawa promotion as “the process of enabling people to increase control over , and to improve ,their health.(WHO,1998)

Question 19

why was the ottawa charter developed?

Answer 19

To guide government and non-government organizations in the development of health promotion strategies

Question 20

3 strategies for health promotion in Ottawa charter?

Answer 20

Advocate
Enable
Mediate

Question 21

what does the advocate strategy involve? (Ottawa charter)

Answer 21

Showing active support and initiative for health promotion, lobbying governments ,health sector groups to improve access to health care and have. better health care services.

Question 22

what does the enable strategy involve?(Ottawa charter)

Answer 22

Creating supportive environments by providing access to knowledge and fostering skills ,which allows (or rather enables)people to reach their fullest health pote

Question 23

what does the mediate strategy involve?(Ottawa charter)

Answer 23

• The ultimate aim of mediating is to allow all of these sectors to work together to re orient focus from the quick fix approach to more preventative approaches.

Question 24

name 5 action areas in Ottawa charter

Answer 24

Building a health public policy 
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Re-orient health services

Question 25

What is the aim of action area building public health policy.

Answer 25

The aim is to put health on the agenda of policy makers ,directing them to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions.

Question 26

what does the action area Create supportive environments

involve?

Answer 26

The aim is to take care and support each other by encouraging people to make healthy lifestyle choices

Question 27

what does the action area Strengthen community action

involve?

Answer 27

The aim is to build links between individuals, communities ,key stakeholders and community centers to develop a shared health strategy in order to achieve a common health related goal.

Question 28

what does the action area Develop personal skills

involve?

Answer 28

The aim of this action areas is to educate and equip people with new life skills for making an making informed decisions about their health.

Question 29

what does the action area Re-orient health services

involve?

Answer 29

The aim is to re orient health services to promote health and making healthy choices as opposed to merely diagnosing and treating illnesses.

Question 30

what does the action area building public health policy mean?

Answer 30

This refers to the decisions made by the government and organizations in relation to laws and polices relating to or affecting health .